孟德斯鸠中国法律观的洞见与误读——基于法律东方主义的反思

发布时间：2018-06-30 17:21

本文选题：孟德斯鸠 + 法律东方主义　；参考：《兰州大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年03期

【摘要】：作为世界著名思想家,孟德斯鸠中国政体观与法律观具有深远影响。孟德斯鸠构建了近代经典的政体类型学,他将政体分为共和政体、君主政体和专制政体三种模式,并探讨了它们各自具有的德性、荣誉和恐怖的精神原则。他判定传统中国是专制政体的典型,其法度构建体现了专制的恐怖精神,并与礼教紧密互动。传统中国有关政体研究基本付之阙如。,氏言说通过梁启超、严复等传入中国后,成为中国批判专制、革命变法的重要理论武器,中国思想界亦开始了有关政体问题的深度研究。但其中国法律观灼见与偏见交集,洞察与误读共有,具有双重性。其误读的原因多样,既有因资料缺失而对中国刑罚的失真观察,也有方法论上的以偏概全,如以中国奸商为例批判中国普遍国民性,更多还出自东西文明比较的文化偏见。孟德斯鸠中国法律观因而成为东方专制主义与法律东方主义的重要源头与范本之一,对此需要理性对待与清醒反思。
[Abstract]:As a famous thinker in the world, Montesquieu's view of Chinese polity and law has profound influence. Montesquieu constructed the classical typology of polity in modern times. He divided the polity into three models: republic, monarchy and autocracy, and discussed their respective moral principles of virtue, honor and terror. He decided that traditional China is a typical autocratic regime, and its legal construction embodies the despotic terror spirit and closely interacts with etiquette. The traditional study of political system in China is basically absent. After its introduction into China through Liang Qichao and Yan Fu, it has become an important theoretical weapon for China to criticize autocracy and revolutionary reform, and Chinese ideological circles have also begun to study deeply the issue of polity. However, his Chinese legal views are intertwined with prejudice, insight and misreading, and have duality. There are many reasons for misreading, not only the distorted observation of Chinese penalty due to the lack of data, but also the methodological generality. For example, taking Chinese profiteers as an example, it criticizes the universal national character of China, and more often comes from the cultural prejudice of comparing eastern and western civilizations. Montesquieu's view of Chinese law has thus become one of the important sources and models of oriental autocracy and legal Orientalism, which requires rational treatment and sober reflection.
【作者单位】：湖南大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“‘法律东方主义'的中国误读反思研究”(15CFX011)
【分类号】：D909.2

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