论美国的海外投资担保制度及其对我国的借鉴

发布时间：2018-07-01 11:06

本文选题：OPIC + 对外投资担保　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：自二战以后,世界各国尤其是发达国家对外经贸交往日益密切,逐渐从商品、货物的输出转变为对发展中国家资本、服务的输出,对外直接投资(FDI)的发展进入一个飞速发展的崭新阶段,尤其是进入21世纪以后,发展中国家不仅作为以中国为代表的一批新兴市场国家的海外直接投资也稳步上升,根据《2010年世界投资报告》公布的数据,2009年全球FDI流出量中有四分之一来自发展中国家和转型经济体,中国的FDI流出量已达480亿美元,位居世界第6,而海外投资存量更是达到2300亿美元。中国作为新兴的经济体对外投资的潜力是巨大的,对中国而言,继续加大对外投资力度(特别是制造业领域的海外投资)已成为其经济持续发展、再上台阶的必然要求,更是我国实施“走出去”战略的必然内容。然而,与发达国家相比,我国对于海外投资的保护措施却没能跟上(一个重要原因就在于我国还没有从国家层面明确中国自己的海外投资担保制度),中国的对外投资者面临着难以预知的政治风险、经营风险、管理风险等,而其中作为企业最难克服的就是海外投资项目所在地的政治风险,为了在现有实践的基础上更有效帮助我国企业有效预防海外投资政治风险,与东道国政府建立良好商业关系,亟待对海外投资保险制度进行立法。为了便于中国的今后对于海外投资担保制度的立法,笔者对美国的海外投资担保制度进行了深入研究,之所以选取美国的投资担保制度作为研究对象,是因为美国的海外投资担保制度是目前世界上运行良好的一整套关于保护本国投资者在外国(主要是发展中国家)进行投资并协助进行争端解决的制度,笔者通过剖析美国相比他国家海外投资保险制度运营上的特点,逐步探究法条规定之外的美国海外投资担保制度是怎样运行的；并且,通过分析美国的海外投资担保制度,结合中国的现实国情,对构建中国的对外投资担保制度提出笔者的建议：我国在设计对外投资担保制度时应当持稳健、相对保守态度、然后在此基础上积极进取、适度创新,创设出符合我国国情,能为中国的对外投资者提供最有效服务的投资保险。因此笔者建议在立法模式上可以先行出台一部位阶较低的行政法规作为试行规则,规定投资担保制度的大致经常范围、承保原则、承保机构的设置及职权,对于具体险别的先不宜做具体规定,随我国投资担保制度的实践不断丰富,等时机成熟再提交全国人大或其常委会制定法律。在具体制度构建上,笔者认为承保险别应区分两大类型：基本险和扩展险。基本险只包括汇兑险、征收险和政治暴力险,然后在扩展险中包含恐怖主义险、政府违约险、承租人违约险等险别供投保人选择,但是扩展险仅能在基本险基础上选择购买,不可单独购买,而且股东应当赋予董事会在实际经营过程中扩展承保险种的权限, 至于具体承保机构的设置上,笔者认为,应由中国出口信用保险公司(国家财政出资成立的一家目前我国惟一承办政策性信用保险业务的金融机构)为海外投资保险险种主要(不一定是唯一,因为国外很多政府都有鼓励多个机构承保海外投资政治风险)承保机构,该公司已于2002年开设了投资保险业务,通过长期的实践积累了一定经验和教训。因此笔者认为目前各种条件已经成熟,海外投资担保立法工作应提上国家的立法日程,因为只有纲领性的法律文件得到明确,才能为我国出口信用保险的整体发展指明方向,使出口信用保机构的法律定位、经营范围得到确认,为整个投资担保制度的持续发展提供不竭的动力,也为我国的对外直接投资资金、项目安全提供有力的保证。
[Abstract]:After World War II , the world countries , especially the developed countries , have become more and more closely related to the outside world trade , gradually from the output of goods and goods to the development of capital , service and foreign direct investment ( FDI ) from developing countries and economies in transition .

In order to facilitate China ' s future legislation on overseas investment guarantee system , the author studies the overseas investment guarantee system of the United States . The reason is that the American foreign investment guarantee system is a well - run system in the world to protect domestic investors from investing in foreign countries ( mainly developing countries ) and assist in dispute settlement .
Based on the analysis of the American foreign investment guarantee system and the realistic national conditions of China , the author puts forward the author ' s suggestion : in the design of the foreign investment guarantee system , the author puts forward the author ' s suggestion : in the design of the foreign investment guarantee system , we should adopt the administrative regulations with lower level as the trial bank rules , and stipulate the general scope of the investment guarantee system , the principle of underwriting , the arrangement and authority of the underwriting institution , and the practice of the investment guarantee system should be enriched .

In the construction of the specific system , the author thinks that the insurance should not distinguish between two major types : basic risk and extension risk . The basic risk includes only exchange insurance , collection risk and political violence risk , then it can be selected by the policy holder in the extension risk , such as terrorism insurance , government default risk , tenant default risk , etc . , but the extension risk can only be purchased on the basis of the basic risk , cannot be purchased separately , and the shareholders should give the board of directors the right to extend the insurance coverage in the course of actual operation ,

As for the setting up of the specific underwriting institution , the author thinks that the insurance risk of overseas investment should be mainly ( not necessarily only ) by China export credit insurance company ( the only financial institution currently in our country to undertake policy credit insurance business ) . The company has set up investment insurance business in 2002 , and has accumulated some experience and lessons through long - term practice .
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.29;D971.2

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