试论南京国民政府时期的公证制度

发布时间：2018-07-07 22:20

本文选题：私证 + 中人　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：公证，，是与私证相对而言的。公证是由国家公证机关作证明，私证则是私人作见证人，二者的效力和权威自然有别。在人类社会漫长的历史上，私证已有几千年的历史，至今尚在民间广泛流行。私证在历史上有过一定的作用，但毕竟是有缺陷的。有些见证人不懂法律，加上封建思想作怪，往往参与证明违法契约而不自知。私证在很多情况下难以保护当事人的合法权益，起不到预防纠纷的作用，何况有的中人还因某些原因不“居中”反偏私，故而“中证”不一定公正，另外由于人还受到寿命的限制，一些远年契约闹纠纷时，见证人多已去世，使之成为“死无对证”，这些都是私证无法克服的缺陷。鉴于私证的许多不足之处，现今世界各国都先后实行公证制度。公证由国家公证机关作出证明，公证机关代表国家行使公证权，其他国家机关则不具有这种功能。特别是关于涉外的证明，国外有关机关只认出证国公证机构的印章，没有经过公证的有关文件，就不能在域外发生法律效力。它并不像私证一样，当事人想办什么就证明什么，它既要根据当事人的申请，由当事人提出相关证据说明，又要根据国家的法律规定，依照法定程序办理具体的公证事项。最后，办理公证是极为严肃认真的，为审查申请公证的法律行为、文书和事实是否真实、合法，必要时还要进行调查，以便弄清有关情况。从南京国民政府时期开始，我国有了真正意义上的公证法，其制订在效仿西方先进法律制度规定的同时，还融合了我国自己的特色。此制度的推行，有效维护了当时的社会安定，尤其是在抗日战争的大形势之下，为稳定战时大后方的秩序做了巨大贡献。本文试从南京国民政府时期公证法规的内容、原则等各方面分析，结合一些案例，对国民政府时期推行公证制度的一些可行性做法进行探讨。公证制度是国家的一项重要的法律制度。创立这一制度的目的在于预防纠纷，减少诉讼，促进经济和社会的交往，保护当事人的合法权益。因此，近代各国都十分注意运用公证制度维护经济和社会秩序。一个国家公证制度的健全与否和实施应用情况，直接关系到社会和经济的稳定状况。我国是社会主义国家，应该更加注重运用公证制度来维护经济和社会秩序，维护国家、集体的利益和公民的合法权益。所以，对南京国民政府时期公证制度及其具体实施中的优异之处进行学习和借鉴，意义重大。
[Abstract]:Notarization is relative to private attestation. Notarization is certified by the national notary office, and private certificate is private witness. The effectiveness and authority of the two are naturally different. In the long history of human society, private testimony has a history of several thousand years, and is still popular among the people. Private evidence has played a role in history, but it is flawed after all. Some witnesses do not understand the law, coupled with feudal ideas, often involved in proving illegal contracts without knowing. In many cases, it is difficult to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned, and it does not play a role in preventing disputes. Moreover, some Chinese people do not "center" or bias against private interests for some reasons, so "Chinese certificates" are not necessarily fair. In addition, due to the limitation of life span, most of the witnesses have passed away, which makes them become "dead without proof". These are the defects that can not be overcome by private evidence. In view of the many shortcomings of private certificates, countries in the world have implemented the system of notarization successively. Notarization is certified by the national notary organ, which exercises notarization power on behalf of the state, but other state organs do not have this function. Especially with regard to the proof concerning foreign affairs, the relevant foreign authorities only recognize the seal of the notarization agency of the certifying state, and without the relevant notarized documents, they cannot have the legal effect outside the territory. It is not like private evidence, the parties want to do anything to prove what, it should be based on the application of the parties, by the parties to put forward relevant evidence to explain, but also according to the laws of the country, in accordance with the legal procedures to deal with specific notarization matters. Finally, notarization is very serious, in order to examine the legal act of applying for notarization, the documents and facts are true and legal, and if necessary, an investigation should be carried out in order to ascertain the relevant circumstances. Since the period of Nanjing National Government, our country has had the notarization law in the true sense, its formulation not only imitates the western advanced legal system stipulation, but also merges our own characteristic. The implementation of this system effectively maintained the social stability at that time, especially under the great situation of the War of Resistance against Japan, and made great contributions to the stability of the order in the rear area during the war of war. This paper tries to analyze the contents and principles of the notarization laws and regulations of the Nanjing National Government, and discusses some feasible ways of carrying out the notarization system in the period of the Nanjing National Government in the light of some cases. Notarization system is an important legal system of the country. The purpose of this system is to prevent disputes, reduce litigation, promote economic and social exchanges, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties. Therefore, modern countries pay great attention to the use of notarization system to maintain economic and social order. Whether a country's notarization system is sound or not and its application is directly related to the social and economic stability. As a socialist country, China should pay more attention to the use of notarization system to maintain economic and social order, to safeguard the national and collective interests and the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and learn from the notarization system of Nanjing National Government and its specific implementation.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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