日本宪法保障制度设计的不同思路

发布时间：2018-07-13 11:39

【摘要】：本文以日本战后法制改革的历史经验为线索,考察和分析了对宪法实施监督的不同观点以及各种制度设计方案。从集中型违宪审查的奥地利模式和德国模式,到非集中型违宪审查的美国模式,还有结合法院和议会两种监督机制的混合模式,都曾经成为日本法律界斟酌和比较的选项。因为政治体制、文化传统以及制度配套条件等因素的影响,美国式分散违宪审查制度在日本实施的效果没有达到预期目标,导致司法消极主义伸张,所以近年来日本开始重新考虑设立宪法法院之议。
[Abstract]:Based on the historical experience of Japan's legal reform after the war, this paper investigates and analyzes the different viewpoints of the supervision of the constitution and the design of various systems. From the Austrian model and the German model of centralized unconstitutional review to the United States model of non-centralized unconstitutional review, as well as the mixed model combining the two kinds of supervisory mechanisms of courts and parliaments, they have been considered and compared by the Japanese legal profession. Because of the influence of the political system, the cultural tradition and the matching conditions of the system, the effect of the American-style decentralized unconstitutional review system in Japan has not reached the expected goal, leading to the justice negativism. So in recent years Japan has reconsidered the idea of a constitutional court.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学凯原法学院;
【分类号】：D931.3;DD911

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