刑事冤错案件的程序法分析——以聂树斌案为例

发布时间：2018-07-14 17:45

【摘要】：聂树斌案具有我国刑事冤错案件成因的共性,即公安机关违法获取虚假的认罪供述,进而编造所谓有罪证据,检察机关审查逮捕、审查起诉和法院审判仅进行形式化的审查与审理。公安机关、检察机关、法院接力协作,法定制约关系下的层层把关沦为关关失守,可谓共同铸成冤错。为了预防冤错发生,需要废除分工负责关系原则,建构以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度。聂树斌虽获改判无罪,但该案的申诉审查、申诉复查、再审程序均值得检讨。已决案件因发现新证据而出现重大疑点时,如权利人提出申诉,法院应当启动再审程序予以纠错。为了有效纠正冤错案件,应当完善申诉制度,发挥再审程序的救济功能,而最高人民法院、最高人民检察院责无旁贷,应承担起最高的法律责任。
[Abstract]:The case of Nie Shubin has the generality of the causes of criminal wrongs and wrongs in our country, that is, the public security organs illegally obtain false confessions, then fabricate so-called guilt evidence, and the procuratorial organs examine and arrest. Review, prosecution and court trial only carry out formal review and trial. Public security organs, procuratorial organs and courts cooperate with each other. In order to prevent wrongdoings, it is necessary to abolish the principle of division of labor and responsibility, and construct a criminal procedure system centered on trial. Although Nie Shubin was acquitted, the appeal review, appeal review and retrial procedure are all worth reviewing. If there is a serious doubt in a determined case because of the discovery of new evidence, if the obligee makes an appeal, the court shall initiate a retrial procedure to correct the error. In order to correct the cases of wrongs and wrongs effectively, we should perfect the appeal system and give full play to the relief function of the retrial procedure. The Supreme people's Court and the Supreme people's Procuratorate are duty-bound and should bear the highest legal responsibility.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点项目“刑事审判中心主义模式研究”(项目批准号:15AFX0140) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国刑事诉讼法的现代转型”(项目批准号:14JJD820020)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D920.5;D925.2

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