迈向生命政治的法律观——福柯法律思想解读

发布时间：2018-08-05 20:35

【摘要】：福柯对传统主权、规训权力、生命权力的历史变迁进行研究后隐含地提出了独具特色的生命政治法律观,具体表现为:在生命权力主导的现代社会,法律不再简单地对"人之行为"加以调整,而是对"人之生活"加以规训;法律不再简单地对"人之行为"做出合法或非法、可为或不可为的二元划分,而是将人置于社会生活,以内生于社会中的规范加以治理;法律不再更多地依赖于强制,而更多地依赖于个人和社会组织的自由来运作;法律不再过多地关注个体行为,而要引导个体,将其人生经营融入社会整体治理之中,以实现多样化的生命政治目的。在这个治理过程中,由于立法者、执法者和司法者理性的有限性,法律运作更多地依赖于对关涉生命的各种知识、信息、档案的收集、统计与分析,形成了法律与知识合作乃至合谋的现象。此外,法律的运作还遵循成本与收益的经济学逻辑,从而使生命政治的法律也具有效益最大化的结果取向。这种近似革命性的法律观因福柯在多种意义上使用法律一词而被某些学者误读,产生所谓福柯将法律排除出现代社会的"驱逐论"一说,造成一些学术偏见。
[Abstract]:After studying the historical changes of traditional sovereignty, discipline power and life power, Foucault implicitly put forward a unique view of life politics and law, which is manifested in the modern society dominated by life power. The law no longer simply adjusts "human behavior", but discipline "human life"; the law no longer simply makes a dualistic division of "human behavior" which is lawful or illegal, which can be or cannot be done, It is to put people in social life and to govern by norms that are born in society; that the law no longer relies more on coercion, but more on the freedom of individuals and social organizations to operate; that the law no longer pays much attention to individual behaviour, It is necessary to guide the individual and integrate his life management into the whole social governance in order to realize the diversified political purpose of life. In this process of governance, due to the limited rationality of legislators, law enforcers and judiciaries, the operation of the law depends more on the collection, statistics and analysis of all kinds of knowledge, information and archives concerning life. Formed the law and knowledge cooperation and even collusion phenomenon. In addition, the operation of law also follows the economic logic of cost and benefit, thus making the law of life politics have the result orientation of maximizing benefit. This nearly revolutionary view of law was misread by some scholars because Foucault used the word "law" in a variety of senses, resulting in the so-called Foucault's theory of "expelling law" from the modern society, resulting in some academic biases.
【作者单位】：浙江大学光华法学院;
【分类号】：D909.1

【共引文献】