美国军法官制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 15:35

【摘要】：美国军法官制度传承于英国军法官制度,后不断发展逐渐形成一项具有美国特色的政治制度,它是美国军事法治精神的重要体现。作为美国军事法律制度的重要内容之一,美国军法官制度的形成与发展过程就是美国军事法治历程的缩影,因此,对美国军法官制度的历史背景、制度特点、形成发展以及作用影响进行深入探析,可以为我国正在进行的军事法治体制建设提供许多可资参考与借鉴的经验。本文灵活运用文献资料法、案例分析法以及对比分析法,分四个章节对美国军法官制度进行详细论述,试图对军法官制度的起源与发展、运行模式进行详细而全面的分析,从而权衡利弊,探索出该制度对于我国军队司法体制建设的深刻启示。第一章首先从美国军法官制度的相关概念入手,明确该制度的内涵,在此基础上,对其法律依据进行论述,厘清该制度的理论脉络。第二章主要从美国军法官制度的缘起,对英国军法官制度的承继与确立以及美国军法官制度的不断发展进行整理与论述,理清美国军法官制度的实践发展脉络。第三章审查主要从军法官的任免,职位分类,功能编配与主要职责以及军法官与其他军内单位和人员的关系这几个方面入手清晰地呈现美国军法官制度的运行模式。第四章对于美国军法官制度的利弊与启示进行分析。最后,本文结合该制度本身的研究以及利弊的分析,总结出三点对于我国军事制度建设的启示:其一,应大力注重军事法律专业人才的培养与使用;其二,军队法治工作机构应科学设置;其三,应重视通过立法的形式确认和完善军事法治建设的成果。
[Abstract]:The American military judge system is inherited from the British military judge system, and gradually develops into a political system with American characteristics, which is an important embodiment of the American military rule of law. As one of the important contents of American military legal system, the formation and development of American military judge system is the epitome of the course of American military rule of law. The formation and development as well as the effect of the formation and development of the system of military rule of law can provide a lot of reference and experience for the construction of the military rule of law system in our country. This paper, using the method of literature, case analysis and comparative analysis, discusses in detail the system of American military judges in four chapters, and attempts to analyze the origin and development of the system of military judges and its operating mode in detail and comprehensively. In order to weigh the pros and cons, this paper explores the profound enlightenment of this system to the construction of the military judicial system in our country. The first chapter begins with the related concepts of the American military judge system, clarifies the connotation of the system, and on this basis, discusses its legal basis and clarifies the theoretical context of the system. The second chapter mainly from the origin of the United States military judge system, the succession and establishment of the British military judge system and the continuous development of the United States military judge system to sort out the practice of the development of the United States military judge system. The third chapter reviews the appointment and dismissal of the main military judges, the classification of positions, the functional assignment and the main responsibilities, and the relationship between military judges and other units and personnel in the military. The fourth chapter analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of American military judge system. Finally, combined with the research of the system itself and the analysis of its advantages and disadvantages, this paper summarizes the enlightenment of three aspects to the construction of our military system: first, we should pay great attention to the cultivation and use of military law professionals; second, we should pay more attention to the cultivation and use of military law professionals. The organization of military rule by law should be set up scientifically. Thirdly, the achievements of military rule by law should be confirmed and perfected through legislation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1

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