少数民族文化权利的司法保护
发布时间：2018-08-13 19:03
【摘要】：少数民族文化是我国文化的重要组成部分，然而随着世界文化的发展融合，外来文化的冲击，全球化趋势的增强等等一系列的因素都对我国文化造成不小的影响，在这个过程中少数民族文化一方面面临着中国现代化进程，市场经济的发展等对民族文化的影响。另一方面也面临着全球化背景下国际交流的频繁，国外文化对少数民族文化的影响和冲击。在现实生活中随着经济的不断发展，少数民族文化的商业价值被越来越多的人认识到，，而在少数民族传统文化和知识的商业开发利用过程中，少数民族的权利容易受到侵犯，一旦少数民族的文化权利受到侵犯就会涉及到救济问题。一般来说少数民族成员学习、利用本民族文化不具有侵权问题，这是他们对自己文化的传承和发展，而在对少数民族文化进行商业开发利用时就涉及到利益分享等侵权问题。少数民族文化丰富多彩，其传统文化和知识在市场经济条件下具有很高的价值，面对本民族传统文化和知识在商业化开发利用中能产生巨大的经济利益，少数民族当然享有利益分享的权利，可是实际中少数民族获取报酬，分享利益的权利得不到保障，本文讨论的少数民族文化权利的司法保护就是指在商业利用的情形下对少数民族文化权利给予的司法护。 本文主要分四个部分对少数民族文化权利的司法保护进行研究，在分析了少数民族文化权利的涵义、性质、权利的三要素以及保护少数民族文化权利的社会意义后，对我国保护少数民族文化权利的实践进行了梳理。接着选取了两个典型案例进行分析，找出司法实践中有争议的问题，最后在分析争议点的基础上提出要引入公益诉讼制度来完善少数民族文化权利的司法保护并从具体程序上进行了说明。 第一部分是少数民族文化权利的理论分析。该部分分析了少数民族文化权利的涵义、性质、基本要素以及保护少数民族文化权利的社会意义。认为少数民族文化权利既包括少数民族成员中的个人享受文化成果利益，参与文化活动的权利，也包括整个少数民族保持自有的生活方式的权利。该权利既是个人权利也是群体权利；既是道德权利也是法定权利；既是积极权利也是消极权利。少数民族文化权利的主体应为多重主体；客体为少数民族传统文化和知识，具体又可细分为五类；少数民族文化权利内容包括文化尊严权、使用本民族语言文字权、奉行和发展本民族风俗习惯的自由，宗教信仰自由，保护和发展传统知识权，从本民族传统文化和知识的商业利用中获益权。少数民族文化对于民族和国家而言有凝聚作用，具有象征和形象以及精神家园的社会意义。 第二部分梳理我国对少数民族文化权利保护的实践。文章分别从立法、行政、司法的角度对我国实践进行了梳理，从中可见我国对少数民族文化权利的司法保护明显落后于立法、行政。 第三部分对两个典型案例进行了介绍，就案件的权利主体、案件是否存在侵权等问题进行了分析。 第四部分对我国少数民族文化权利司法保护的完善提出意见，认为应当将少数民族文化权利保护的诉讼认定为公益性诉讼，文章分别从诉权，诉讼性质，具体的诉讼程序方面进行了详细的说明。
[Abstract]:Ethnic minority culture is an important part of Chinese culture. However, with the development and integration of world culture, the impact of foreign culture, the trend of globalization and so on, a series of factors have exerted a great influence on Chinese culture. In this process, ethnic minority culture, on the one hand, is facing the process of China's modernization and the development of market economy. On the other hand, it is also faced with the frequent international exchanges under the background of globalization, the impact and impact of foreign cultures on minority cultures. In the course of commercial development and utilization, the rights of minority nationalities are easily infringed. Once the cultural rights of minority nationalities are infringed, the relief will be involved. Minority cultures are rich and colorful, and their traditional culture and knowledge are of great value in the market economy. In the face of the enormous economic benefits of their traditional culture and knowledge in the commercial development and utilization, minority nationalities certainly enjoy the benefits of sharing. The judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities discussed in this paper refers to the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities in the case of commercial use.
This article mainly divides into four parts to study the judicial protection of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities. After analyzing the meaning, nature, three elements of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities and the social significance of protecting the cultural rights of ethnic minorities, this paper sorts out the practice of protecting the cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. Then two typical examples are selected. The case is analyzed to find out the controversial issues in judicial practice. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the controversial points, the introduction of public interest litigation system to improve the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities is proposed and explained from the specific procedures.
The first part is the theoretical analysis of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities.This part analyzes the meaning, nature, basic elements and social significance of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities. It includes the right of the whole minority nationality to maintain their own way of life.This right is both a personal right and a group right.It is both a moral right and a legal right.It is both a positive right and a negative right.The subject of the cultural rights of the minority nationality should be multiple subjects.The object of the cultural rights of the minority nationality is the traditional culture and knowledge of the minority nationality. The contents of cultural rights of ethnic minorities include the right to cultural dignity, the right to use their own language and writing, the freedom to pursue and develop their own customs and customs, the freedom of religious belief, the protection and development of traditional knowledge, and the right to benefit from the commercial use of their traditional culture and knowledge. It has the social significance of cohesion, symbolism, image and spiritual home.
The second part combs the practice of the protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. The article combs the practice of our country from the legislative, administrative and judicial perspectives, from which we can see that the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities lags behind the legislation and administration.
The third part introduces two typical cases and analyzes the subject of the right and whether there is infringement in the case.
The fourth part puts forward some opinions on the perfection of the judicial protection of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. It holds that the lawsuit for the protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities should be regarded as a public interest lawsuit.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.4
[Abstract]:Ethnic minority culture is an important part of Chinese culture. However, with the development and integration of world culture, the impact of foreign culture, the trend of globalization and so on, a series of factors have exerted a great influence on Chinese culture. In this process, ethnic minority culture, on the one hand, is facing the process of China's modernization and the development of market economy. On the other hand, it is also faced with the frequent international exchanges under the background of globalization, the impact and impact of foreign cultures on minority cultures. In the course of commercial development and utilization, the rights of minority nationalities are easily infringed. Once the cultural rights of minority nationalities are infringed, the relief will be involved. Minority cultures are rich and colorful, and their traditional culture and knowledge are of great value in the market economy. In the face of the enormous economic benefits of their traditional culture and knowledge in the commercial development and utilization, minority nationalities certainly enjoy the benefits of sharing. The judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities discussed in this paper refers to the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities in the case of commercial use.
This article mainly divides into four parts to study the judicial protection of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities. After analyzing the meaning, nature, three elements of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities and the social significance of protecting the cultural rights of ethnic minorities, this paper sorts out the practice of protecting the cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. Then two typical examples are selected. The case is analyzed to find out the controversial issues in judicial practice. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the controversial points, the introduction of public interest litigation system to improve the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities is proposed and explained from the specific procedures.
The first part is the theoretical analysis of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities.This part analyzes the meaning, nature, basic elements and social significance of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities. It includes the right of the whole minority nationality to maintain their own way of life.This right is both a personal right and a group right.It is both a moral right and a legal right.It is both a positive right and a negative right.The subject of the cultural rights of the minority nationality should be multiple subjects.The object of the cultural rights of the minority nationality is the traditional culture and knowledge of the minority nationality. The contents of cultural rights of ethnic minorities include the right to cultural dignity, the right to use their own language and writing, the freedom to pursue and develop their own customs and customs, the freedom of religious belief, the protection and development of traditional knowledge, and the right to benefit from the commercial use of their traditional culture and knowledge. It has the social significance of cohesion, symbolism, image and spiritual home.
The second part combs the practice of the protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. The article combs the practice of our country from the legislative, administrative and judicial perspectives, from which we can see that the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities lags behind the legislation and administration.
The third part introduces two typical cases and analyzes the subject of the right and whether there is infringement in the case.
The fourth part puts forward some opinions on the perfection of the judicial protection of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. It holds that the lawsuit for the protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities should be regarded as a public interest lawsuit.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.4
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