较大的市的立法权研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 12:40

【摘要】：改革开放以后,中央把立法权下放到较大的市一级。同时,为了对较大的市的立法权实行有效的控制,《立法法》除了规定较大的市的地方性法规不得与上位法相抵触之外,还规定较大的市的地方性法规必须经省级人大常委会批准才能生效。批准程序严重地影响了较大的市的地方性法规的自主性。此外,地方上下级政府之间的命令与服从关系决定了较大的市的政府规章必须服从省级政府的意志,自主性不大。同时,国务院对较大的市的资格的审批没有公开的标准,缺乏应有的正当程序,有违宪嫌疑。较大的市在立法的过程中可能会出现越权立法和地方保护主义等问题。在国家和省级立法不断完善的背景下,较大的市的立法空间日益缩小,中央不会再关心如何通较大的市的立法权来健全国家法制,也不会再轻易批准较大的市。而一般地级市之所以热衷争取成为较大的市,并不是因为较大的市的立法可以解决地方的发展问题,而是较大的市的资格本身可以为城市带来利益,提高城市知名度,增加其在区域竞争中的优势。众多城市争取较大的市立法权的本意在于较大的市的资格本身,这决定了一般城市在获得较大的市立法权之后不会充分利用立法权。本文以一般地级市申请较大的市的激烈状况及其理由为切入点,在论述了较大的市立法权的历史背景和内涵的基础上指出,较大的市的立法权本身缺乏自主性,并不能解决城市在发展中遇到的问题,并一步论证较大的市的立法权存在问题和可能带来的危害。同时,在论证较大的市的历史背景和我国法律对较大的市立法权的规定时,把两者结合起来,指出中央下放立法权到地方的目的决定了较大的市的立法权在法制日益完善的情况下创新空间有限。最后得出结论:中央下放立法权到较大的市的目的和较大的市争取立法权的动机决定了较大的市的立法权不可能发挥很大的作用。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, the central government delegated the legislative power to the larger municipalities. At the same time, in order to exercise effective control over the legislative power of the larger municipalities, the Legislative Law not only stipulates that the local laws and regulations of the larger municipalities shall not contravene the superior laws, but also stipulates that the local laws and regulations of the larger municipalities must be approved by the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress In addition, the relationship between orders and obedience between local governments at higher and lower levels determines that the government regulations of larger cities must obey the will of provincial governments and have little autonomy.
At the same time, the State Council has no open standards for the examination and approval of the qualifications of larger cities, lacks due due process and is suspected of violating the Constitution.
With the continuous improvement of national and provincial legislation, the legislative space of larger cities is becoming smaller and smaller. The central government will no longer care about how to improve the national legal system through the legislative power of larger cities, nor will it easily approve larger cities.
The reason why the general prefecture-level cities are keen to become larger cities is not that the legislation of larger cities can solve the problems of local development, but that the qualifications of larger cities themselves can bring benefits to the city, improve the city's popularity and increase its advantages in regional competition. As for the qualifications of the larger cities themselves, the general cities will not make full use of the legislative power after obtaining the larger city legislative power.
Based on the intense situation and reasons of applying for bigger cities in general prefecture-level cities, this paper discusses the historical background and connotation of bigger cities'legislative power, and points out that bigger cities' legislative power itself lacks autonomy and can not solve the problems encountered in the development of cities, and further demonstrates the existence of bigger cities'legislative power. At the same time, the paper combines the historical background of the larger cities with the stipulations of the laws of our country on the legislative power of the larger cities, and points out that the purpose of decentralizing the legislative power of the central government to the local areas determines that the legislative power of the larger cities has limited innovation space under the condition of the increasingly perfect legal system. The purpose of decentralizing the legislative power of the central government to the larger cities and the motive of the larger cities to strive for it determine that the legislative power of the larger cities can not play a great role.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.0

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