加拿大多元文化法研究
发布时间：2018-08-18 18:09
【摘要】：本文从对加拿大多元文化法的社会现实基础考察出发,通过对加拿大的民族构成及民族关系的分析,阐明了多元文化主义在加拿大产生的社会条件和历史背景。多元文化主义理论作为一种以族裔权利为核心的政治理论和思潮,对加拿大的民族社会政策具有重大的指导作用,而这些社会和政策因素必然会引起法律的关注,尤其是在1982年宪法施行和1988年多元文化主义法案制定之后,多元文化主义在加拿大有了制度上的保证,随着联邦和地方对此主题立法的增多,法院在司法实践中关于此主题的判决也逐渐增多,逐步形成了一种多元文化法体系,这也正是本文所要探究的中心问题。多元文化法体系为少数族裔群体的各种权利诉求构建了一个制度性的框架,各种诉求在此框架中得到满足和规制。多元文化法制化的过程也是一个法律与社会现实互动的过程,族裔权利诉求机制也就是在这一过程中得以形成。 首先是本文论题的提出,多元文化主义是一种以族裔权利为核心的政治理论和思潮,目的是为解决多民族国家中的民族共存与团结问题。在加拿大,多元文化主义的法制化在整个社会中形成一种多元文化的权利观念,使多元文化主义成为法律上的权利用语,形成了一种少数族裔权利的诉求机制。 本文认为加拿大复杂的民族构成是多元文化主义在加拿大得以成行的根本的社会现实基础。作为建国民族的英法两裔、土著民族和移民群体这三大族裔群体内部及相互之间的矛盾冲突、共存需求造就了加拿大政治和社会生活的主题,族裔的多样性决定了文化的多样性,这些都是多元文化主义在加拿大产生的客观条件和背景。 多元文化主义作为西方自由主义的一种实验性的理论主张,是一种体系化的关于民族文化以及族裔群体之间关系的理论,其包括两个核心问题——文化与权利的互动关系、群体权利与个人自由之间的关系。不同的学者从社会文化现象、政治意识形态和族群权利的不同视角对多元文化主义进行解读,形成了不同理论流派。本文视阈内所关注的正是以族群权利为核心的多元文化主义。 多元文化主义在加拿大作为官方政策,其主要内容是“消除歧视和群体生存”,这也是加国现行宪法关于多元文化主义的两条原则。它是一种即带有预防性和保护性又具有积极性和实验性的措施,在消除歧视的同时积极确保文化的保持,这两种方式带来的双重“包容需求”——个人权利的平等和群体自治始终贯穿于多元文化主义在加拿大从政策到法律的过程之中。 本文认为正是这些多元文化的社会和政策因素投射到加拿大的宪政制度之上,才促成了多元文化主义的法制化,形成了多元文化法体系。加拿大多元文化法是以宪法为基础,以多元文化主义法案为指导、包括联邦和地方有关多元文化的制定法以及法院判决所确立的普通法原则在内的一个框架体系,多元文化的因素深深渗透在宪法的演进过程之中,也不断的投射到其它法律之上,对加拿大整个法律制度产生了深刻的影响。少数族裔的权利诉求在多元文化法这一制度性框架中理性得提出并得到合理满足和规制。通过对宪法和多元文化法案以及对土著民族和魁北克的立法进行归类梳理,在此基础之上重点对宪法和多元文化法案的法律条文进行解读,这种解读正是以少数族裔权利为主线,从中探索一种制度性的建构。 法院针对少数族裔群体和个人的多元文化权利所确立的判例作为普通法的一部分也构成加拿大多元文化法的重要内容。多元文化主义所关注的核心问题就是差异与统一,面对加拿大族裔、文化多样性的社会现实,如何运用法律来平衡和协调差异与统一的问题给司法实践带来了巨大挑战。本文通过对土著民族的土地权利和文化权利、法裔加拿大人的教育文化权利以及移民群体的宗教权利等相关案例的解读,分析多元文化法作为一种应对少数族裔权利诉求的制度,在实践中如何运作,面临何种问题和挑战以及自身所需完善之处。 在本文结语中进一步明确了本文的论点,即多元文化主义作为一种权利诉求机制,在加拿大多元文化法所构建的制度性框架下得到保障和完善。
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation of the social reality of Canadian multicultural law and the analysis of Canadian ethnic composition and ethnic relations, this paper expounds the social conditions and historical background of the emergence of multiculturalism in Canada. Greater national social policies have a significant guiding role, and these social and policy factors are bound to attract legal attention, especially after the implementation of the 1982 Constitution and the enactment of the Multiculturalism Act of 1988, which guaranteed the system of multiculturalism in Canada. With the increase of federal and local legislation on this subject, In judicial practice, the court's judgments on this subject have gradually increased and a multicultural legal system has gradually formed, which is the central issue to be explored in this paper. The process of legalization of meta-culture is also a process of interaction between law and social reality, in which ethnic rights appeal mechanism is formed.
First of all, the thesis points out that multiculturalism is a political theory and trend of thought with ethnic rights as its core, aiming at solving the problem of ethnic coexistence and unity in a multi-ethnic country. As a legal right, a claim mechanism for minority rights has been formed.
This paper holds that the complex ethnic composition of Canada is the fundamental social basis for multiculturalism in Canada. Ethnic diversity determines cultural diversity, which is the objective condition and background of multiculturalism in Canada.
Multiculturalism, as an experimental theory of Western liberalism, is a systematic theory of national culture and the relationship between ethnic groups. It includes two core issues: the interaction between culture and rights, and the relationship between group rights and individual freedom. Different theoretical schools have been formed by interpreting multiculturalism from different perspectives of political ideology and ethnic rights.
Multiculturalism, as an official policy in Canada, is mainly concerned with the elimination of discrimination and group survival, which are also two principles of multiculturalism in the current Canadian Constitution. It is a preventive, protective and experimental measure that actively ensures cultural preservation while eliminating discrimination. The dual "inclusive needs" of these two approaches, the equality of individual rights and group autonomy, have always permeated Canada's multiculturalism from policy to law.
It is the projection of these multicultural social and policy factors onto the Canadian constitutional system that contributes to the legalization of multiculturalism and the formation of a multicultural legal system. A framework system of statutes and common law principles established by court decisions. Multicultural factors permeate deeply in the evolution of the Constitution and are constantly projected onto other laws, which have a profound impact on the Canadian legal system as a whole. By sorting out the Constitution and Multicultural Acts and the legislation of indigenous peoples and Quebec, this paper focuses on the interpretation of the legal provisions of the Constitution and Multicultural Acts. This interpretation is based on the rights of ethnic minorities and explores them. A systematic construction.
Jurisprudence established by the courts for the multicultural rights of ethnic minorities and individuals as part of the common law also constitutes an important part of the Canadian multicultural law. The core issue of multiculturalism is diversity and unity. In the face of the social reality of ethnic and cultural diversity in Canada, how to balance the use of law The issue of harmony, difference and unity poses a great challenge to judicial practice. This paper analyzes the multicultural law as a system of responding to the demands of minority rights by interpreting the relevant cases of Aboriginal Land and cultural rights, educational and cultural rights of French Canadians and religious rights of immigrants. How to operate in practice, what problems and challenges it faces, and what needs to be perfected.
In the conclusion, the thesis further clarifies the argument that multiculturalism, as a right-Seeking mechanism, is guaranteed and perfected under the institutional framework established by the Canadian Multicultural Law.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.1
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation of the social reality of Canadian multicultural law and the analysis of Canadian ethnic composition and ethnic relations, this paper expounds the social conditions and historical background of the emergence of multiculturalism in Canada. Greater national social policies have a significant guiding role, and these social and policy factors are bound to attract legal attention, especially after the implementation of the 1982 Constitution and the enactment of the Multiculturalism Act of 1988, which guaranteed the system of multiculturalism in Canada. With the increase of federal and local legislation on this subject, In judicial practice, the court's judgments on this subject have gradually increased and a multicultural legal system has gradually formed, which is the central issue to be explored in this paper. The process of legalization of meta-culture is also a process of interaction between law and social reality, in which ethnic rights appeal mechanism is formed.
First of all, the thesis points out that multiculturalism is a political theory and trend of thought with ethnic rights as its core, aiming at solving the problem of ethnic coexistence and unity in a multi-ethnic country. As a legal right, a claim mechanism for minority rights has been formed.
This paper holds that the complex ethnic composition of Canada is the fundamental social basis for multiculturalism in Canada. Ethnic diversity determines cultural diversity, which is the objective condition and background of multiculturalism in Canada.
Multiculturalism, as an experimental theory of Western liberalism, is a systematic theory of national culture and the relationship between ethnic groups. It includes two core issues: the interaction between culture and rights, and the relationship between group rights and individual freedom. Different theoretical schools have been formed by interpreting multiculturalism from different perspectives of political ideology and ethnic rights.
Multiculturalism, as an official policy in Canada, is mainly concerned with the elimination of discrimination and group survival, which are also two principles of multiculturalism in the current Canadian Constitution. It is a preventive, protective and experimental measure that actively ensures cultural preservation while eliminating discrimination. The dual "inclusive needs" of these two approaches, the equality of individual rights and group autonomy, have always permeated Canada's multiculturalism from policy to law.
It is the projection of these multicultural social and policy factors onto the Canadian constitutional system that contributes to the legalization of multiculturalism and the formation of a multicultural legal system. A framework system of statutes and common law principles established by court decisions. Multicultural factors permeate deeply in the evolution of the Constitution and are constantly projected onto other laws, which have a profound impact on the Canadian legal system as a whole. By sorting out the Constitution and Multicultural Acts and the legislation of indigenous peoples and Quebec, this paper focuses on the interpretation of the legal provisions of the Constitution and Multicultural Acts. This interpretation is based on the rights of ethnic minorities and explores them. A systematic construction.
Jurisprudence established by the courts for the multicultural rights of ethnic minorities and individuals as part of the common law also constitutes an important part of the Canadian multicultural law. The core issue of multiculturalism is diversity and unity. In the face of the social reality of ethnic and cultural diversity in Canada, how to balance the use of law The issue of harmony, difference and unity poses a great challenge to judicial practice. This paper analyzes the multicultural law as a system of responding to the demands of minority rights by interpreting the relevant cases of Aboriginal Land and cultural rights, educational and cultural rights of French Canadians and religious rights of immigrants. How to operate in practice, what problems and challenges it faces, and what needs to be perfected.
In the conclusion, the thesis further clarifies the argument that multiculturalism, as a right-Seeking mechanism, is guaranteed and perfected under the institutional framework established by the Canadian Multicultural Law.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.1
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