权利及其正当性问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 14:21

【摘要】：在当代社会，权利作为道德价值体系的一个重要方面，标志着一个社会的文明程度，同时也作为一种观念深入人心。社会对人的尊严给予尊重，对人的权利积极保障，无不体现着这个社会对人们自身价值的肯定与支持。权利从无到有，从原始的自然权利到现在以社会为基础的公民权利，权利正在不断进步，这是人类发展的必然要求，也是社会发展不能缺少的。权利最终要以社会为基础而存在，这是权利的最合理形式。在人类历史发展形成的过程里，权利学说的各派之争从未停止，矛盾也由此产生，而正因为这种纷争才推动了社会的进步发展，因此，权利的合法化并使公民受益是权利发展的必然趋势。自有法律以来，权利就是法学理论所要研究的核心，而权利最重要的本质就是权利的正当性。人们寻求自我价值的体现和道德的升华，这必然要求权利要具备正当性的特质，缺少正当性的权利有可能演变为特权甚至是暴力。无论从人们产生意识以来所形成的权利还是到现在上升为法律保护的权利，或是权利的道德层面、社会层面（即合理性层面），都必须以“正当”为其基础，它是权利的价值体现。本文所要讨论的，除了最初产生的权利以及各个学派的权利观之外，重点是在权利的形成发展过程中，不同的时期对权利的正当性有不同的要求，共同点是权利必须是有益于个人和社会的，也即权利不仅要无害，同时也要被社会承认。一个社会要保证其稳定的存在和发展，就要求公民权利具备正当性。只有这样的权利，才能更好的发挥其作用，，强调权利的正当性，能更好的保护权利，同时有助于推动权利的发展。
[Abstract]:In contemporary society, rights, as an important aspect of the moral value system, symbolize the degree of civilization of a society, but also as a concept deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. From the beginning of natural rights to the present civil rights based on society, rights are progressing, which is the inevitable requirement of human development and is indispensable to social development. Rights should eventually exist on the basis of society, which is the most reasonable form of rights. Contradictions arise without stopping, and it is precisely because of these disputes that social progress and development is promoted. Therefore, the legitimization of rights and the benefit of citizens is the inevitable trend of the development of rights.
Since the existence of law, right is the core of legal theory, and the most important essence of right is the legitimacy of right. People seek the embodiment of self-value and the sublimation of morality, which necessarily requires the right to have the characteristics of legitimacy, the lack of legitimacy of the right may evolve into rights and even violence. Whether the rights formed since the birth of consciousness have risen to the level of legal protection, or the level of morality and rationality of rights, the social level (that is, the level of rationality) must be based on "legitimacy", which is the embodiment of the value of rights. The point is that in the process of the formation and development of rights, there are different requirements for the legitimacy of rights in different periods. The common point is that rights must be beneficial to individuals and society, that is, rights should not only be harmless, but also be recognized by society. Only in this way can we better play its role, emphasize the legitimacy of rights, better protect rights, and help promote the development of rights.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90

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