论我国公民诉讼中法律意识的缺陷及完善
发布时间：2018-09-07 16:53
【摘要】：党的第十五次代表大会确立“依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家”方略以来,我国法治建设取得长足发展,制定出大量顺应时代经济社会发展的法律,制度化的法治已在我国基本建立,满足了“有法可依”的需求;普法计划的推进,使得社会主义法律为更多公民所了解。 由于法治并非我国固有的传统,法治思想从国外移植到中国的效果也并不尽如人意,在现实生活中依然有很多与法治格格不入的现象存在,尤其是公民对待诉讼的态度,突出体现了公民法律意识中存在的问题。本文将观察到的几种现象分成三类进行论述。第一,公民对法律普通存在的冷漠、厌恶、规避心理。第二,行政权力对司法的干涉,以权压法、人情代法。第三,法律权威不足、执法不严,普通存在拒不执行法院判决的现象。 我国历史文化悠久而连续不断,分析当前许多社会现象产生的原因都摆脱不了五千年的历史文化。就以上归纳的三种现象,本文从历史和时代两方面分析原因。首先,历史原因。从四个角度出发:政治、经济、文化及法律起源。政治方面,行政司法合一历史格局导致行政司法不分、以权压法;经济方面,以小农经济为主的农业文明孕育的固态、单调人际关系,产生的纠纷很少,对法律及诉讼的需求也大大减少;法律起源,刑起于兵,导致重刑轻民的法律体系、用刑罚贯彻民事、刑事纠纷的解决中,使普通公民对法律产生恐惧和排斥情绪;文化原因,宗族礼法制度,轻法治,强调等级序列,尊崇权力。其次,时代原因。从法律权威不足、司法和执法部门在法律运行中的不公正及法院判决执行的不力等方面阐述以上三个原因对公民法律意识产生的冲击。 在分析原因的基础上,文章有针对性的提出四个解决途径。一,转变普法重点,重视法精神和主体意识的培养;二,改良司法机构设置,强化完善审判系统的独立性;三,经济领域的变革是完善法律意识的基础;四,建立法律信仰。 文章在阐述现象和分析原因过程中,采用了文献法、对比法、理论联系实际的方法,在大量阅读和吸收前人论述的基础上,对比古、今及中、外公民法律意识现象,对当代我国公民诉讼中法律意识的问题,分析原因,提出对策。
[Abstract]:Since the 15th Congress of the Party established the general plan of "governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law", the construction of the rule of law in our country has made considerable progress, and a large number of laws have been formulated to conform to the economic and social development of the times. The institutionalization of the rule of law has been basically established in our country, which satisfies the need of "having laws to abide by", and the promotion of the plan of popularizing laws makes the socialist laws understood by more citizens. Because the rule of law is not an inherent tradition of our country, the effect of transplanting the thought of rule of law from abroad to China is not satisfactory. In real life, there are still many phenomena which are incompatible with the rule of law, especially the attitude of citizens towards litigation. It highlights the problems existing in the citizen's legal consciousness. In this paper, the observed phenomena are divided into three categories to be discussed. First, citizens are indifferent, averse and circumvent to the ordinary existence of the law. Second, the interference of administrative power to the judiciary, power to suppress the law, human law. Third, the lack of legal authority, lax enforcement of the law, the general phenomenon of refusal to implement court decisions. China has a long and continuous history and culture. Analyzing the causes of many current social phenomena can not get rid of five thousand years of history and culture. In view of the above three kinds of phenomena, this paper analyzes the reasons from the historical and historical aspects. First, historical reasons. From four angles: political, economic, cultural and legal origins. In the political aspect, the historical pattern of the combination of administration and judicature leads to the administration of justice regardless of the law of power and pressure; in the economic aspect, the agricultural civilization, dominated by the small peasant economy, breeds solid state, monotonous interpersonal relations, and produces few disputes. The demand for law and litigation has also been greatly reduced; the origin of the law, the beginning of the punishment from the military, the legal system that led to heavy punishment and light of the people, the implementation of civil and criminal disputes with penalties, has caused fear and rejection of the law among ordinary citizens; cultural reasons, Clan etiquette system, light rule of law, emphasis on hierarchical sequence, respect for power. Secondly, the reason of the times. This paper expounds the impact of the above three reasons on the citizen's legal consciousness from the aspects of the lack of legal authority, the injustice in the operation of the law by the judicial and law enforcement departments and the ineffectiveness of the execution of the court's judgment. On the basis of analyzing the reasons, this paper puts forward four solutions. First, change the emphasis of law popularization, attach importance to the cultivation of the spirit of law and the consciousness of subject; second, improve the establishment of judicial institutions and strengthen the independence of the trial system; third, the reform of the economic field is the basis of improving the legal consciousness; fourth, establish the legal belief. In the process of explaining the phenomenon and analyzing the reasons, the paper adopts the methods of literature, contrast, theory and practice, and compares the legal consciousness of ancient, modern and foreign citizens on the basis of reading and absorbing the previous exposition. This paper analyzes the problems of legal consciousness in civil litigation in contemporary China, and puts forward some countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.0
本文编号：2228851
[Abstract]:Since the 15th Congress of the Party established the general plan of "governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law", the construction of the rule of law in our country has made considerable progress, and a large number of laws have been formulated to conform to the economic and social development of the times. The institutionalization of the rule of law has been basically established in our country, which satisfies the need of "having laws to abide by", and the promotion of the plan of popularizing laws makes the socialist laws understood by more citizens. Because the rule of law is not an inherent tradition of our country, the effect of transplanting the thought of rule of law from abroad to China is not satisfactory. In real life, there are still many phenomena which are incompatible with the rule of law, especially the attitude of citizens towards litigation. It highlights the problems existing in the citizen's legal consciousness. In this paper, the observed phenomena are divided into three categories to be discussed. First, citizens are indifferent, averse and circumvent to the ordinary existence of the law. Second, the interference of administrative power to the judiciary, power to suppress the law, human law. Third, the lack of legal authority, lax enforcement of the law, the general phenomenon of refusal to implement court decisions. China has a long and continuous history and culture. Analyzing the causes of many current social phenomena can not get rid of five thousand years of history and culture. In view of the above three kinds of phenomena, this paper analyzes the reasons from the historical and historical aspects. First, historical reasons. From four angles: political, economic, cultural and legal origins. In the political aspect, the historical pattern of the combination of administration and judicature leads to the administration of justice regardless of the law of power and pressure; in the economic aspect, the agricultural civilization, dominated by the small peasant economy, breeds solid state, monotonous interpersonal relations, and produces few disputes. The demand for law and litigation has also been greatly reduced; the origin of the law, the beginning of the punishment from the military, the legal system that led to heavy punishment and light of the people, the implementation of civil and criminal disputes with penalties, has caused fear and rejection of the law among ordinary citizens; cultural reasons, Clan etiquette system, light rule of law, emphasis on hierarchical sequence, respect for power. Secondly, the reason of the times. This paper expounds the impact of the above three reasons on the citizen's legal consciousness from the aspects of the lack of legal authority, the injustice in the operation of the law by the judicial and law enforcement departments and the ineffectiveness of the execution of the court's judgment. On the basis of analyzing the reasons, this paper puts forward four solutions. First, change the emphasis of law popularization, attach importance to the cultivation of the spirit of law and the consciousness of subject; second, improve the establishment of judicial institutions and strengthen the independence of the trial system; third, the reform of the economic field is the basis of improving the legal consciousness; fourth, establish the legal belief. In the process of explaining the phenomenon and analyzing the reasons, the paper adopts the methods of literature, contrast, theory and practice, and compares the legal consciousness of ancient, modern and foreign citizens on the basis of reading and absorbing the previous exposition. This paper analyzes the problems of legal consciousness in civil litigation in contemporary China, and puts forward some countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.0
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