论美国对转基因食品不实施强制性标签制度的原因
发布时间：2018-10-16 14:13
【摘要】：近些年来,由于人口爆炸式的膨胀以及耕地面积持续性地缩小,转基因食品便越来越受到人们的关注。在转基因生物工程技术对人类和生态环境的影响问题上,世界各国的认识并不一致,而大到装谷物的箱子,小至一片口香糖均贴有为我们日常生活饮食提供大量信息的食品标签,所以,转基因食品标签制度现今倍受争议。强制性标签制度的呼声越来越高,人们的知情权和转基因食品有可能带来的风险是其理论基石。但是,美国反对转基因食品强制性标签制度的观点也很有市场,现在笔者试图重点陈述一下美国一些学者为什么持有这种观点,他们理论根基到底何在?本文将给予揭示。 本文在第一部分首先阐述了研究美国转基因食品标签制度的缘由,然后提出本文的核心议题：为什么美国对转基因食品不实施强制性标签制度?随后揭示了写作本文的目的和意义,让我们从深层次更加了解美国这样做的原因以及对我们国家有何启示。第二部分简单概括了转基因食品标签制度争议的历史背景,然后从正反两个角度谈了转基因工程所带来的利益以及有可能给人类健康、生态环境所带来的风险,因此,消费者对转基因食品普遍存在着恐惧心理。第三部分简要分析了美国推行转基因食品的政治、经济原因。第四部分则是从法律的角度出发,详细阐述了美国农业部、环境保护局、食品及药物管理局三个行政部门规范转基因食品所参照的法律以及法律所授权的职能；本部分最后对美国转基因食品标签制度的两个优势重点作了介绍,其一是自愿性标签制度,其二是上市前的强制性通告程序。第五部分论述了强制性标签制度在美国面临着来自宪法以及其它法律的阻力——宪法中关于知情权的规定、州际贸易自由以及联邦法优先适用。第四部分和第五部分都是法律原因,前者是从正面的角度谈了美国现行标签制度的法律保障,后者是从反面的角度谈了强制性标签制度在美国实行所面临的法律阻力。最后一部分笔者从经济风险、宗教风险两个角度对美国转基因食品标签制度所面临的风险进行了探讨。
[Abstract]:In recent years, people pay more and more attention to genetically modified food because of the explosive expansion of population and the continuous shrinking of cultivated land. On the issue of the impact of genetically modified biological engineering technology on human beings and the ecological environment, countries in the world do not have the same understanding, but they are as large as boxes of grain. As small as a piece of gum has a food label that provides a lot of information about our daily diet, so the labelling system for genetically modified foods is now controversial. People's right to know and the risks that GM food may bring are the theoretical foundation of mandatory labelling system. However, there is also a market for the United States to oppose the mandatory labelling system of genetically modified foods. Now the author tries to highlight why some American scholars hold this view, and what is their theoretical basis? This paper will reveal. In the first part of this paper, the reasons for studying the labelling system of genetically modified foods in the United States are first expounded, and then the core topic of this paper is proposed: why does the United States not implement the mandatory labelling system for genetically modified foods in the United States? Then it reveals the purpose and significance of writing this paper, so that we can better understand the reasons why the United States did this and what enlightenment it has for our country. The second part briefly summarizes the historical background of the controversy over the labelling system of genetically modified foods, and then discusses the benefits of GM engineering and the risks to human health and ecological environment from both positive and negative perspectives. There is widespread fear among consumers of GM foods. The third part briefly analyzes the political and economic reasons for the introduction of GM food in the United States. The fourth part is from the legal point of view, elaborated the United States Department of Agriculture, Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Drug Administration of the three administrative departments to regulate genetically modified food reference laws and the functions authorized by the law; At the end of this part, the author introduces two advantages of the American GM food labelling system, one is the voluntary labelling system, the other is the mandatory notice procedure before going to the market. The fifth part discusses that the mandatory labelling system in the United States faces resistance from the Constitution and other laws-the Constitution's provisions on the right to know, the freedom of interstate trade and the preferential application of federal law. The fourth part and the fifth part are both legal reasons. The former discusses the legal protection of the current labelling system in the United States from a positive angle, while the latter discusses the legal resistance faced by the enforcement of the mandatory label system in the United States from the negative angle. In the last part, the author discusses the risk of American GMO food labelling system from the aspects of economic risk and religious risk.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1
本文编号：2274619
[Abstract]:In recent years, people pay more and more attention to genetically modified food because of the explosive expansion of population and the continuous shrinking of cultivated land. On the issue of the impact of genetically modified biological engineering technology on human beings and the ecological environment, countries in the world do not have the same understanding, but they are as large as boxes of grain. As small as a piece of gum has a food label that provides a lot of information about our daily diet, so the labelling system for genetically modified foods is now controversial. People's right to know and the risks that GM food may bring are the theoretical foundation of mandatory labelling system. However, there is also a market for the United States to oppose the mandatory labelling system of genetically modified foods. Now the author tries to highlight why some American scholars hold this view, and what is their theoretical basis? This paper will reveal. In the first part of this paper, the reasons for studying the labelling system of genetically modified foods in the United States are first expounded, and then the core topic of this paper is proposed: why does the United States not implement the mandatory labelling system for genetically modified foods in the United States? Then it reveals the purpose and significance of writing this paper, so that we can better understand the reasons why the United States did this and what enlightenment it has for our country. The second part briefly summarizes the historical background of the controversy over the labelling system of genetically modified foods, and then discusses the benefits of GM engineering and the risks to human health and ecological environment from both positive and negative perspectives. There is widespread fear among consumers of GM foods. The third part briefly analyzes the political and economic reasons for the introduction of GM food in the United States. The fourth part is from the legal point of view, elaborated the United States Department of Agriculture, Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Drug Administration of the three administrative departments to regulate genetically modified food reference laws and the functions authorized by the law; At the end of this part, the author introduces two advantages of the American GM food labelling system, one is the voluntary labelling system, the other is the mandatory notice procedure before going to the market. The fifth part discusses that the mandatory labelling system in the United States faces resistance from the Constitution and other laws-the Constitution's provisions on the right to know, the freedom of interstate trade and the preferential application of federal law. The fourth part and the fifth part are both legal reasons. The former discusses the legal protection of the current labelling system in the United States from a positive angle, while the latter discusses the legal resistance faced by the enforcement of the mandatory label system in the United States from the negative angle. In the last part, the author discusses the risk of American GMO food labelling system from the aspects of economic risk and religious risk.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1
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