外交介入国家豁免诉讼之“补缺”功能与结构安排
发布时间：2018-11-23 06:17
【摘要】：外交部门介入本国法院审理的以外国国家为被告的案件,从结构上弥补了普通民事诉讼程序适用于主权国家所面临的对外关系利益主体缺位,具有保障司法居中裁判之"补缺"功能,而非代行司法裁判权。国家豁免诉讼制度的结构安排为此提供了平衡保障。美国联邦法院的司法判例、"泰特公函"和1976年《美国外国主权豁免法》的发展演变表明,对外关系利益与私人权益的平衡(而非外交与司法权限的划分)是外交介入国家豁免诉讼的决定性因素。对外关系利益与私人权益的重合使得外交介入国家豁免诉讼面临再次失衡的可能,应受到外部制衡。我国可以在国家豁免制度立法中规定利益平衡原则,明文赋予外交"补缺"国家豁免诉讼之功能,并从外交介入的形式、效力和事项范围三个方面保障此种"补缺"功能之实现,维护我国对外关系领域的公私利益。
[Abstract]:The involvement of diplomatic departments in cases involving foreign countries as defendants in their own courts has made up for the absence of the subjects of interest in foreign relations that ordinary civil proceedings apply to sovereign states. It has the function of ensuring that the judicature is in the center, but not the power of judicial adjudication. The structure of the state immunity litigation system provides a balanced guarantee for this. The judicial jurisprudence of the United States Federal Court, the evolution of the Tate official letter and the 1976 United States Act on Foreign Sovereign Immunities indicate that The balance between the interests of foreign relations and private rights (rather than the division of diplomatic and judicial powers) is the decisive factor for diplomatic intervention in state immunity litigation. The coincidence of the interests of foreign relations and private interests makes the diplomatic intervention in state immunity litigation face the possibility of again imbalance, and should be subject to external checks and balances. Our country can stipulate the principle of balance of interests in the legislation of the system of state immunity, explicitly endow diplomacy with the function of "filling up" the function of state immunity litigation, and from the form of diplomatic intervention, The effectiveness and scope of affairs guarantee the realization of this function and safeguard the public and private interests in the field of foreign relations.
【作者单位】： 华东政法大学国际法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(15BFX203)
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911
本文编号：2350578
[Abstract]:The involvement of diplomatic departments in cases involving foreign countries as defendants in their own courts has made up for the absence of the subjects of interest in foreign relations that ordinary civil proceedings apply to sovereign states. It has the function of ensuring that the judicature is in the center, but not the power of judicial adjudication. The structure of the state immunity litigation system provides a balanced guarantee for this. The judicial jurisprudence of the United States Federal Court, the evolution of the Tate official letter and the 1976 United States Act on Foreign Sovereign Immunities indicate that The balance between the interests of foreign relations and private rights (rather than the division of diplomatic and judicial powers) is the decisive factor for diplomatic intervention in state immunity litigation. The coincidence of the interests of foreign relations and private interests makes the diplomatic intervention in state immunity litigation face the possibility of again imbalance, and should be subject to external checks and balances. Our country can stipulate the principle of balance of interests in the legislation of the system of state immunity, explicitly endow diplomacy with the function of "filling up" the function of state immunity litigation, and from the form of diplomatic intervention, The effectiveness and scope of affairs guarantee the realization of this function and safeguard the public and private interests in the field of foreign relations.
【作者单位】： 华东政法大学国际法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(15BFX203)
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911
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