网络相约自杀现象的法社会学分析

发布时间：2018-11-23 06:48

【摘要】：伴随着网络科技的飞速发展,以微博、QQ为代表的网络社交平台迅速普及,它们在为人们生活带来无限便利的同时,也为相约自杀提供了一个新的媒介与平台。网络相约自杀现象牵涉主体众多、情形复杂多变,而我国现有的法律法规并不足以解决其中牵涉的许多法律问题,导致网络相约自杀现象愈发普遍。为了有效规制相应网络虚拟空间,尽可能地保护公民的生命权,本文针对网络相约自杀的社会学成因和牵涉的争议法律问题进行了讨论,并提出了相关建议。全文除引言和结论之外,一共分为四大部分:第一部分是网络相约自杀的类型化分析。该部分首先对自杀、相约自杀和网络相约自杀现象进行了简单的定性,突出强调了该类不良现象在当下的恶劣社会影响。其次,从近些年发生的网络相约自杀案件中提取出其一般共性,将其分为教唆号召型和单纯相约型两种情况,为下文分析不同主体的法律责任问题做好铺垫。第二部分是网络相约自杀的社会学成因分析。这一部分主要从自杀倾向的形成和网络外力的强化两方面展开讨论。自杀倾向的形成大多基于多重外在压力的刺激与个体心理调节失衡的共同作用。而网络外力的强化作用主要体现在三个方面:第一,扩散悲观消极情绪;第二,帮助自杀倾向者克服内心恐惧;第三,为具有自杀倾向的群体之间交流普及自杀手段和方式提供了便利。第三部分是对于网络相约自杀案件涉及的争议法律问题的分析,以求通过这种分析从法律角度对该类社会问题作出一种可能的回应。这一部分以案例引入,将网络相约自杀现象涉及的最重要、同时也最具争议的三个问题依据不同主体加以区别分析。首先,该部分讨论了教唆号召主体的刑事责任问题,其中引入了笔者对于教唆自杀行为应该受到刑法层面规制的建议;其次,是对单纯相约自杀情况下中止主体的法律责任分析,其中主要应用了不作为犯罪的理论,以中止自杀行为人是否具有作为义务、是否具有履行义务的可能性以及是否履行了相应的作为义务为评判标准认定责任;最后,讨论了网络服务提供主体是否应该对网络不良信息承担监管责任的问题,其中引入了笔者对于网络服务提供者应该承担与其经营能力相适应的必要审查义务和尊重用户隐私义务的倡议。第四部分是笔者提出的网络条件下解决该问题的相关建议,建议内容从社会与法律双重角度入手,包括一般预防性措施、针对性预防措施和法律层面的规制措施。其中,一般预防性措施着眼于开展网络宣传教育与各类社团活动、引导网络新闻媒体对自杀类新闻负责报道和增加抗挫折教育;针对性预防措施主要是发展网上心理咨询、提高正面信息的搜索排名和增加网络自杀干预;法律层面规制措施则是号召教唆自杀行为入刑、完善互联网络立法以及加强普法工作。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of network science and technology, social networking platforms, represented by Weibo and QQ, are popularizing rapidly. They not only bring unlimited convenience to people's lives, but also provide a new medium and platform for suicide. The phenomenon of network suicide involves many subjects and the situation is complex and changeable. However, the existing laws and regulations in our country are not enough to solve many legal problems involved in the phenomenon, which leads to the increasing popularity of the phenomenon of network suicide. In order to regulate the corresponding cyberspace effectively and protect the citizen's right to life as much as possible, this paper discusses the sociological causes and the controversial legal issues involved in online suicide, and puts forward some relevant suggestions. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into four parts: the first part is the type analysis of suicide online dating. In this part, the phenomenon of suicide, suicide by agreement and suicide by internet is characterized, and the bad social influence of this kind of bad phenomenon is emphasized. Secondly, from the network suicide cases in recent years to extract its general commonalities, divided into abettor call type and simple type of two cases, for the following analysis of the legal liability of different subjects to do a good job. The second part is the sociological analysis of network suicide. This part mainly discusses the formation of suicidal tendency and the strengthening of network external force. The formation of suicidal tendency is based on the combination of multiple external stress stimulation and individual psychological adjustment imbalance. The strengthening effect of network external force is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, spreading pessimistic and negative emotions; second, helping suicidal tendency to overcome their inner fear; Thirdly, it facilitates the communication and popularization of suicide means and methods among groups with suicidal propensity. The third part is the analysis of the controversial legal issues involved in the online suicide cases in order to make a possible response to this kind of social problems from the legal point of view. This part introduces the case to analyze the three most important and controversial issues related to the phenomenon of suicide in the network according to different subjects. First of all, this part discusses the criminal responsibility of abettor, including the author's suggestion that the instigation of suicide should be regulated by criminal law. Secondly, it analyzes the legal liability of the suspending subject in the case of simple suicide, in which the theory of omission is mainly applied in order to discontinue the act obligation of the suicide perpetrator. Whether it has the possibility of fulfilling the obligation and whether it has fulfilled the corresponding obligation of act as the criterion of determining the responsibility; Finally, the paper discusses whether the network service provider should take the responsibility for the supervision of the network bad information. This paper introduces the author's suggestion that the network service provider should undertake the necessary review obligation and respect the user's privacy obligation in accordance with its management ability. The fourth part is the author of the network conditions to solve the problem of the relevant recommendations from the social and legal perspectives, including general preventive measures, targeted preventive measures and legal level of regulatory measures. Among them, general preventive measures focus on carrying out network propaganda and education and various kinds of community activities to guide the network news media to report suicide news and increase anti-setback education; Targeted prevention measures are mainly to develop online psychological counseling, improve the search ranking of positive information and increase network suicide intervention; At the legal level, the regulation measures are to call on abettor to commit suicide, to perfect the Internet legislation and to strengthen the popularization of law.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D90-052

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