日本审判中心改革动向与评析

发布时间：2018-12-14 11:53

【摘要】：审判中心是日本刑事诉讼法的基本原则。然而,在司法实践中,"检察官司法"代替审判,成为日本刑事司法的核心特征。"检察官司法"导致对供述笔录的过度依赖、对自白的偏重、对客观证据的轻视、对科学证据的轻信,并最终架空审判,使其沦落为侦查结果的确认程序。为了进一步实现庭审中心的要求,2015年3月13日,日本内阁递交国会审议的《刑事诉讼法等法律部分条文改正的法律案》对审判程序进行了改革,内容涉及证据开示、证人与被害人保护、证人出庭及证据真实性确保,意图为审判中心设置途径与保障,促进刑事庭审实质化的实现。然而,法律草案对于诸项制度的具体设计存在着偏离司法改革目的、剥夺或者限制诉讼权利、无法杜绝法官庭前预断、加重证人出庭作证负担等问题,需要进一步探讨和完善。
[Abstract]:The trial center is the basic principle of Japanese criminal procedure law. However, in judicial practice, "Public Prosecutor Justice" instead of trial has become the core feature of Japanese criminal justice. " The procurator judicature "leads to the excessive dependence on the record of confession, the emphasis on confessions, the contempt of objective evidence, the credulity of scientific evidence, and the final trial, so that it can be reduced to the confirmation procedure of the investigation result." In order to further realize the requirements of the trial center, on March 13, 2015, the Japanese Cabinet submitted to the Diet for consideration the "Law of Criminal procedure Law and other legal provisions corrected" to carry out a reform of the trial procedure, the contents of which involve the disclosure of evidence. The protection of witnesses and victims, the appearance of witnesses in court and the authenticity of evidence are intended to set up ways and guarantees for the trial center and to promote the realization of the materialization of criminal trial. However, there are some problems in the draft law, such as deviating from the purpose of judicial reform, depriving or restricting the right of litigation, not putting an end to the prejudgment of the judge and increasing the burden of witnesses to testify in court, and so on, which need to be further explored and perfected.
【作者单位】：深圳大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“刑事庭审实质化研究”的经费资助(项目编号:15AFX015)
【分类号】：D931.3;DD915.3

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