汉代诉讼证据制度研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 22:50

【摘要】：本文以传世文献为基础,结合《二年律令》、《奏谳书》、《居延汉简》等一批反映汉代法律条文原貌及司法实践的出土简牍史料。对汉代的诉讼证据制度进行了宏观、系统的研究。文章认为：汉代的诉讼证据主要有物证、书证、证人证言、当事人陈述、勘验鉴定笔录五种形式；在“狱”,类似于今天的刑事案件中,当事人口供,尤其是被告的口供是最主要的证据。在“讼”,类似于今天的民事案件中,书证成为案件受理和判决的关键。此外,由于勘验鉴定技术的发达,勘验鉴定笔录也成为定案的重要证据。在定案判决过程中具有多种证据共同使用、相互验证的特点；两汉时期主要以审讯、刑讯、现场勘察检验与鉴定、调查暗访检举等方式获取证据。形成了以审讯为上、刑讯为下的证据获取原则。在刑事案件中多采用刑讯的方式获取口供,但在民事案件中很少使用刑讯的方式取证；在“重视证据、据证定案”的总体证据原则的要求下,汉代的证据原则在具体的实践领域中具有：罪疑从去原则；伪证有罚的举证风险原则；在刑事案件中遵循口供至上原则,在民事案件中注重书证、人证的原则。充分体现儒家思想的“亲亲相匿”的证人回避原则等特点。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the historical documents of the Han Dynasty, which reflect the original appearance of the legal provisions and judicial practice of the Han Dynasty, such as "the Law of two years", "the Book of conviction", "the Han slips of Juyan" and some other unearthed historical materials. This paper makes a macroscopic and systematic study on the system of litigation evidence in Han Dynasty. The article thinks: the lawsuit evidence of Han Dynasty mainly has five forms: material evidence, documentary evidence, witness testimony, party statement, investigation and appraisal record; In "prison", similar to today's criminal cases, the client's confession, especially the defendant's confession, is the main evidence. In litigation, similar to today's civil cases, documentary evidence is the key to accepting and adjudicating cases. In addition, due to the development of investigation and identification technology, the record of investigation and identification has become an important evidence of the final case. In the final judgment process there are many kinds of evidence used together to verify each other. During the Han Dynasty the evidence was mainly obtained by interrogation torture investigation and identification investigation and prosecution investigation and secret investigation and so on. The principle of obtaining evidence under interrogation and torture is formed. In criminal cases, the way of torture is used to obtain confessions, but in civil cases, the way of torture is seldom used to obtain evidence; Under the request of the general evidence principle of "attach importance to evidence, according to evidence", the principle of evidence in the Han Dynasty has the following aspects: the principle of crime, the principle of punishment, the principle of risk of proof, the principle of punishment of perjury and the principle of risk of punishment. In criminal cases follow the principle of confession first, in civil cases pay attention to documentary evidence, the principle of witness. Fully reflect the Confucian thought of "close to each other" the principle of witness avoidance and other characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D925

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