北洋政府时期平政院制度研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 03:06

【摘要】：北洋政府时期是我国历史上军阀混战最黑暗的时期,内外巨变,政局动荡不稳,同时这一时期又是继清末法制变革以后另一个重要的法制改革阶段,传统的法律制度与移植的西方新法接轨发生碰撞。在这个时期,我国行政诉讼制度最终确立并得到发展,独特的社会背景和政治环境使得这一时期产生的专门的行政诉讼机关——平政院独具特色,成为民国初年设立的中国第一个行政诉讼审判机关。平政院从1914年建立到1928年瓦解,由于北洋政府所处朝代的局限性,存续仅短短的15年,但其价值却实是不容忽视的,对北洋政府以后的南京政府,以致近代行政诉讼的发展都起到了重要的引导和启示作用。平政院的制度设计以及第一次将传统法制理念中高高在上的行政官员和普通民众对簿公堂的审判,都给当时军阀混战的年代这个封闭的社会产生了巨大的冲击,更值得一提的是给传统中国法律制度带来的全新的法律理念上的冲击和影响远远大于其一纸判决给民众个人所起的作用,对中国法制的近代化更是起到了积极的推动作用。文章一共分为五部分,着重把制度研究放在清末民初这个大背景下,通过分析社会环境、清末改革对行政诉讼的影响引出平政院的确立,从宏观制度层面分析平政院设立运行的状况,然后再深入剖析制度的特点、与当时社会的融合程度以及平政院消亡后对以后行政诉讼制度产生的影响,揭示法律移植与本土资源的关系,客观的总结平政院的创新价值以及其夭折的根本缺陷,以期对于当代的法制建设的深入有所帮助,特别是对于现在提倡的司法改革、行政诉讼模式的改革起到一定的现实意义。
[Abstract]:The period of the Beiyang Government was the darkest period in the history of our country for the melee of warlords. It was a period of great internal and external changes and political instability. At the same time, this period was another important stage of legal reform after the legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The traditional legal system collides with the transplanted new western law. In this period, the administrative litigation system of our country was finally established and developed, and the special social background and political environment made the special administrative litigation Organ-Pingzheng Yuan have its own characteristics. It became the first administrative litigation judicial organ established in the beginning of the Republic of China. The Pingzheng Yuan was established from 1914 to disintegrated in 1928. Due to the limitation of the dynasty in which the Beiyang government lived, it lasted for only 15 years, but its value could not be ignored. As a result, the development of modern administrative litigation has played an important role in guiding and enlightening. The design of the system of the Pingzhou-Yuan and the first trial of the high administrative officials and ordinary people in the traditional legal system have had a huge impact on this closed society in the era of the warlords' melee at that time. What is more worth mentioning is that the impact and influence on the new legal concept brought to the traditional Chinese legal system is far greater than the effect of its judgment on the individual, and it has played a positive role in promoting the modernization of the Chinese legal system. The article is divided into five parts, focusing on the system research in the background of the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. Through the analysis of the social environment, the influence of the reform of the late Qing Dynasty on the administrative proceedings leads to the establishment of the Pingchengyuan. From the macro system level, this paper analyzes the status of the establishment and operation of the Pingchengyuan, then deeply analyzes the characteristics of the system, the degree of integration with the society at that time and the influence on the administrative litigation system in the future after the disappearance of the Pingchengyuan. It reveals the relationship between legal transplantation and local resources, objectively summarizes the innovative value of Pingzheng Institute and the fundamental defects of its premature death, in order to be helpful to the construction of contemporary legal system, especially to the judicial reform advocated now. The reform of administrative litigation mode plays a certain practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D925.3

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