论感性存在对精神的超越与局限——《黑格尔法哲学批判》及其“导言”的阐释

发布时间：2019-01-10 13:30

【摘要】：在《黑格尔法哲学批判》及其"导言"中,费尔巴哈的人本学唯物主义是马克思批判黑格尔思辨唯心主义国家观的存在论基础。存在来自于存在本身,思维源于感性存在;故以感性存在说明思维,用现实的感性存在的个人解释政治国家和精神,理解市民社会与政治国家的关系。马克思后来在"导言"中不仅坚持了这一存在论和方法论立场,而且通过自己的革命实践意识到,要把费尔巴哈人本学唯物主义哲学和无产阶级结合起来,变革不合理的现实社会关系。总体而言,马克思此时还在感性经验的现实层面批判黑格尔国家观,还未到达哲学反思的现实层面,因此未能深入领会黑格尔将国家视为国家理念自我实现之深刻的现实内涵。而无论《黑格尔法哲学批判》及"导言"的成功还是缺陷,都构成了马克思的历史理论向历史唯物主义发展的阶梯与内在动力。
[Abstract]:In criticism of Hegel's philosophy of Law and its introduction, Feuerbach's humanistic materialism is the basis of the existential theory of Marx's critique of Hegel's speculative idealism. Being comes from being itself and thinking comes from perceptual existence, so it explains thinking with perceptual existence, explains political state and spirit with realistic perceptual existence, and understands the relationship between civil society and political state. In his introduction, Marx not only adhered to this position of ontology and methodology, but also realized through his own revolutionary practice that Feuerbach's humanistic materialism philosophy and proletariat should be combined. To change unreasonable social relations. Generally speaking Marx is still criticizing Hegel's concept of state in the realistic aspect of perceptual experience and has not yet reached the realistic level of philosophical reflection so he fails to understand deeply the profound realistic connotation of Hegel's self-realization of the concept of state. The success or defect of the criticism of Hegel's philosophy of law and the introduction constitute the ladder and internal motive force of the development of Marx's historical theory to historical materialism.
【作者单位】：河海大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：D90;B516.35

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