加拿大政府信息公开制度研究

发布时间：2019-01-22 19:27

【摘要】：自2007年《政府信息公开条例》颁布以来，我国的政府信息公开制度由地方各自为政、缺乏统一性和协调性走向了全国统一，该法的颁布和实施确立了政府信息公开制度，但是不管是立法还是执法层面，我国的政府信息公开制度都还存在一些问题。唐太宗曾言：“以铜为镜，可以正衣冠；以古为镜，可以知兴替；以人为镜，可以明得失。”自1982年《信息获取法》颁布实施以来，加拿大的政府信息公开制度实施了三十年，形成了比较成熟的法律体系。在保密传统背景下制定的加拿大《信息获取法》，与我国《政府信息公开条例》的制定有着相似的背景；加拿大分散的联邦体制与我国《政府信息公开条例》制定之前的各省在信息公开上各自为政的特点也颇为类似。这些相似点，让人不得不思考，，加拿大的政府信息公开制度是如何安排的，具有何种特点，有没有值得我国借鉴的制度安排？其面临的问题是否是我国可以预见并避免的？正是在这样的背景之下，本文通过翻译加拿大政府信息公开制度大量法律规定，整合中加行政法学者研究政府信息公开制度专著和论文，在试图对加拿大信息公开制度进行介绍的基础上来展开文章的论述，力求使得我国政府信息公开法制建设也能够吸取到加拿大政府信息公开制度中的精华。在具体结构上，本文分为四个部分来展开论述，第一部分从宏观是对加拿大信息公开制度的形成背景、发展，立法的进程，联邦立法与地方立法的分工，信息公开的目的与原则等方面进行了有详有略的介绍，以期望能更加直观生动的展示加拿大信息公开制度的原貌；第二部分以加拿大《信息获取法》为主，重点考察了信息公开权利主体、信息公开义务主体、信息公开范围、信息公开程序以及救济制度，同时就我国信息公开制度的相关内容进行与之进行比较分析，从中可以显示出我国政府信息公开立法方面的缺陷；第三部分介绍加拿大《信息获取法》颁布以来取得的成绩以及在面临各种阻碍时采取的更为有效促进信息公开的措施，对这些实施状况以及变化过程，乃至于加拿大信息公开制度今天在国际上的地位进行详细的分析；第四部分联系我国政府信息公开制度颁布实施的实际情况，结合对加拿大《信息获取法》的实施经验和教训的梳理，有针对性地借鉴加拿大政府信息公开制度，提出有益于我国信息公开制度发展和完善的建议。
[Abstract]:Since the promulgation of the "regulations on the publicity of Government Information" in 2007, the government information disclosure system of our country has been managed by local governments separately, lacking of unity and coordination, and the promulgation and implementation of this law has established the system of government information disclosure. However, there are still some problems in our government information disclosure system, both in legislation and law enforcement. Tang Taizong once said, "if you use copper as a mirror, you can get the right dress; if you use the ancient times as the mirror, you can know how to take the place; if you take the man as the mirror, you can have a good or bad result." Since the promulgation and implementation of the Information acquisition Act in 1982, Canada's government information disclosure system has been implemented for 30 years, forming a relatively mature legal system. The Canadian "Information access Act", formulated under the traditional background of secrecy, has a similar background to the enactment of the "Government Information Disclosure regulations" in China. The decentralized federal system in Canada is similar to that of the provinces before the enactment of the Government Information Disclosure Act. These similarities make people have to think about the Canadian government information disclosure system is how to arrange, what characteristics, is there a system worthy of our country to learn from the arrangements? Is the problem that our country can foresee and avoid? It is against this background that by translating a large number of laws and regulations of the Canadian government information disclosure system, this paper integrates Chinese and Canadian administrative law scholars to study monographs and papers on the government information disclosure system. Based on the introduction of the Canadian information disclosure system, the author tries to make the legal construction of government information disclosure in our country absorb the essence of the Canadian government information disclosure system. In the specific structure, this paper is divided into four parts to discuss. The first part is the background, the development, the legislative process, the division of labor between the federal legislation and the local legislation. The purpose and principle of information disclosure are introduced in detail in order to show the original appearance of Canadian information disclosure system more intuitively and vividly. The second part focuses on the subject of information disclosure right, the subject of information disclosure obligation, the scope of information disclosure, the procedure of information disclosure and the relief system. At the same time, by comparing and analyzing the relevant contents of our country's information disclosure system, we can show the defects of our government information disclosure legislation. Part III describes the achievements made since the enactment of Canada's access to Information Act and the measures taken to promote more effective disclosure of information in the face of various obstacles, as well as the status of these implementation and the process of change, Even the Canadian information disclosure system today in the international status of a detailed analysis; In the fourth part, in connection with the actual situation of the promulgation and implementation of the government information disclosure system in our country, and combing the experiences and lessons of the implementation of Canada's "Information access Act", we draw on the Canadian government information disclosure system in a targeted way. Some suggestions are put forward for the development and perfection of information disclosure system in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.1

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