黄宗羲法律思想研究
发布时间：2019-01-26 11:14
【摘要】：黄宗羲是明末清初伟大的启蒙思想家,他在政治、经济、历史、文化等领域都取得了很大成就,而他的法律思想主要集中于《明夷待访录》中。任何思想与提出者所处的时代背景都是分不开的,黄宗羲处于资本主义经济有了初步发展、西方文化逐渐传入中国的时期,所以他的法律思想带有更多对个人权利的关注。 黄宗羲的法律思想主要有法学基本理论思想、行政法思想、经济法思想等方面。他主张以民为主,立法的目的是为民众服务,针对封建社会“一家之法”的现状,他提出了制定“天下之法”的主张。面对人治的种种弊端,黄宗羲坚决主张法治,反对人治。在传统儒家民本思想的基础上黄宗羲提出了民主的思想,并吸收西方先进的自由、平等意识,将其作为立法的基本原则。 由于黄宗羲是要为未来统治者“条具为治大法”,所以他的法律思想除了政治方面外,还包括经济、官吏选任等方面。在“工商皆本”思想的指导下,黄宗羲提出了减轻赋税、统一货币、实行钱法、钞法等一系列制度设想。由于明代八股取士束缚了人们的思想,所以黄宗羲主张重视实学、广开才路,不拘一格降人才。 黄宗羲先进的法律思想对后来的资产阶级革命产生了较大影响,对当今社会主义法制建设也有一定的借鉴意义。本文的主要创新点在于对黄宗羲的行政法思想进行了进一步的挖掘,并对其经济法思想进行了概括总结,进一步结合当代免征农业税和依法治国的背景对其当代价值进行了分析,以期能起到一定的警示作用。
[Abstract]:Huang Zongxi is a great enlightenment thinker in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. He has made great achievements in politics, economy, history, culture and so on. Any thought can not be separated from the background of the era in which the proponent lived. Huang Zongxi is in the period of the initial development of capitalist economy and the gradual introduction of western culture into China, so his legal thought has more attention to individual rights. Huang Zongxi's legal thought mainly includes the basic theory of law, the thought of administrative law, the thought of economic law and so on. In view of the present situation of the feudal society, he put forward the idea of making the law of the world. Faced with the malpractice of rule by man, Huang Zongxi firmly advocated the rule of law and opposed the rule of man. Huang Zongxi put forward the thought of democracy on the basis of the traditional Confucian thought of "people first", and absorbed the advanced freedom and equal consciousness of the West as the basic principle of legislation. Because Huang Zongxi wants to rule the law for the future ruler, his legal thought includes economy, government officials and other aspects besides politics. Under the guidance of the thought of "business as a whole", Huang Zongxi put forward a series of system ideas, such as reducing taxes, unifying currency, carrying out money law, banknote law, and so on. As stereotyped talents in Ming Dynasty bound people's thinking, Huang Zongxi advocated attaching importance to practical learning, opening up a wide range of talents, and reducing talents without sticking to one rule. Huang Zongxi's advanced legal thought had a great influence on the later bourgeois revolution, and also had certain reference significance to the construction of socialist legal system. The main innovation of this paper lies in the further excavation of Huang Zongxi's thought of administrative law, and the summary of his thought of economic law. This paper further analyzes the contemporary value of agricultural tax exemption and ruling the country by law in order to play a warning role.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2
本文编号：2415419
[Abstract]:Huang Zongxi is a great enlightenment thinker in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. He has made great achievements in politics, economy, history, culture and so on. Any thought can not be separated from the background of the era in which the proponent lived. Huang Zongxi is in the period of the initial development of capitalist economy and the gradual introduction of western culture into China, so his legal thought has more attention to individual rights. Huang Zongxi's legal thought mainly includes the basic theory of law, the thought of administrative law, the thought of economic law and so on. In view of the present situation of the feudal society, he put forward the idea of making the law of the world. Faced with the malpractice of rule by man, Huang Zongxi firmly advocated the rule of law and opposed the rule of man. Huang Zongxi put forward the thought of democracy on the basis of the traditional Confucian thought of "people first", and absorbed the advanced freedom and equal consciousness of the West as the basic principle of legislation. Because Huang Zongxi wants to rule the law for the future ruler, his legal thought includes economy, government officials and other aspects besides politics. Under the guidance of the thought of "business as a whole", Huang Zongxi put forward a series of system ideas, such as reducing taxes, unifying currency, carrying out money law, banknote law, and so on. As stereotyped talents in Ming Dynasty bound people's thinking, Huang Zongxi advocated attaching importance to practical learning, opening up a wide range of talents, and reducing talents without sticking to one rule. Huang Zongxi's advanced legal thought had a great influence on the later bourgeois revolution, and also had certain reference significance to the construction of socialist legal system. The main innovation of this paper lies in the further excavation of Huang Zongxi's thought of administrative law, and the summary of his thought of economic law. This paper further analyzes the contemporary value of agricultural tax exemption and ruling the country by law in order to play a warning role.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2
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