卢梭自由思想中的内在逻辑研究

发布时间：2019-01-30 09:28

【摘要】：自由是一个悠久的话题，它对整个人类社会发展有着深远的影响。在人类历史上，卢梭是一位伟大的思想家，整个人类社会都被他的哲学思想所影响。在人类思想史上，卢梭之所以成为最具有争议的一位思想家，其原因是：他提出了自由思想理论。从近代起，他的自由思想就被人们所探讨，一直延续到现代。首先，卢梭肯定了人的自由是与生俱来的权利，自由是善的状态，因此不容置疑；其次，他又对其所处社会时代人的生存状态做出了这样一个概括性论断—生活在不自由状态之中，，饱受种种奴役。人处在应然与实然的矛盾之中，究其原因是人对其理性的片面滥用和社会的恶，于是造成不平等和人的异化。人奴隶般地活着，不能过自己的生活，只知道生活在他人的观点之中。因此，卢梭认为，自由是一种自主的状态，它其中的一个体现即平等。卢梭以“自然状态”为逻辑起点，来探讨人生而自由的应然状态。以此作为起点，他主张颠覆现有的秩序，通过社会契约构建一个人人自由、平等的政治国家，从而打破政治、经济、甚至精神上的不平等，阻断社会恶的倾向，真正实现人的自由、平等。与此同时，人的自由是道德的自由，是意志的自由选择，是人能根据自己的意志进行判断、行动，即意志的自律。相应地，有三种自由状态:即自然自由、社会自由和道德自由。自由并不是为所欲为的权利，它必须遵循一定的原则。自然自由是人生而就具有的，顺应自爱与怜悯的自然情感；社会自由是保障平等，服从公意，其本质是主权在民；道德自由即意志的自律，它听从良心的呼唤，使人们获取最纯粹的自由，成为自己的主人。
[Abstract]:Freedom is a long-standing topic, it has a profound impact on the development of human society as a whole. In human history, Rousseau is a great thinker, the whole human society is influenced by his philosophy. Rousseau became the most controversial thinker in the history of human thought because he put forward the theory of free thought. Since modern times, his free thought has been discussed and continued to modern. First of all, Rousseau affirmed that human freedom is an inherent right, freedom is a state of good, so there is no doubt; Secondly, he made such a general conclusion about the living state of people in his social times-living in a state of unfreedom and suffering from various kinds of slavery. Human being is in the contradiction between what ought to be and what is real, which is caused by the one-sided abuse of reason and the evil of society, which results in inequality and alienation of human beings. Man lives like a slave and cannot live his own life, knowing only that he lives in the opinion of others. Therefore, Rousseau believes that freedom is a state of autonomy, one of which is equality. Rousseau took the natural state as the logical starting point to explore the natural state of life. Using this as a starting point, he advocated subverting the existing order, building a political state free and equal for all through a social contract, thus breaking political, economic, and even spiritual inequalities, and blocking the tendency of social evil. Real realization of human freedom, equality. At the same time, human freedom is the freedom of morality, the free choice of will, and the self-discipline of will. Correspondingly, there are three states of freedom: natural freedom, social freedom and moral freedom. Freedom is not the right to do what you want, it must follow certain principles. Natural freedom is the natural emotion of self-love and pity, and social freedom is to guarantee equality and obey the common will, and its essence is sovereignty in the people. Moral freedom is the self-discipline of will, which obeys the call of conscience and makes people gain the purest freedom and become their masters.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.1

【共引文献】