俄罗斯死刑史纲要
发布时间：2019-04-04 13:41
【摘要】：俄罗斯死刑史从原始社会开始,自早期封建国家开始用来惩罚国事犯罪。彼得一世时期《一六四九年会典》所规定的刑事规则进一步严厉化、扩大化和具体化。伊丽莎白对被判死刑的罪犯采用大赦,她执政期间没有一起死刑实际付诸执行。叶卡捷琳娜二世是死刑适用的反对者,《圣谕》的刑事部分秉承了罪刑相适应原则。亚历山大二世、三世统治期间,国事犯罪数量猛增,与此相应,死刑数量也大幅上升。20世纪初出现了一定程度上的立法进步,之后出台的政治方针则成为国家权力滥用、恐怖弥漫、死刑抬头的原因。纵观俄国死刑史,反复经历了从强化死刑到废除死刑,再到恢复死刑的过程,反映出俄国不同历史时期对死刑价值不同取向所导致的历史轮回。
[Abstract]:The history of death penalty in Russia began in primitive society and was used to punish state crimes in the early feudal countries. The criminal rules stipulated in the 1649 Concert of Peter I were further tightened, expanded and specified. Elizabeth granted amnesty to criminals sentenced to death, and none of them were actually executed during her administration. Yekaterina II is an opponent of the application of the death penalty, and the criminal part of the oracle adheres to the principle of adaptation of crime and punishment. During the reign of Alexander II and III, the number of crimes committed by the State increased sharply, and accordingly, the number of death sentences also rose sharply. In the early 20th century, there was a certain degree of legislative progress, and then the political policy issued later became an abuse of state power. The terror pervades, the death penalty rises to the cause. Throughout the history of the death penalty in Russia, it has repeatedly experienced the process from strengthening the death penalty to abolishing the death penalty, and then to resuming the death penalty, reflecting the historical reincarnation caused by the different orientations of the value of the death penalty in different historical periods in Russia.
【作者单位】： 陶里亚蒂国立大学国家和法的历史教研室;中国政法大学比较法学研究院;
【基金】：汪海燕教授主持的中国政法大学刑事法学创新团队(辩护制度研究)及中国政法大学校级人文社会科学研究项目资助(10ZFQ82015)
【分类号】：D951.2;DD914
本文编号：2453873
[Abstract]:The history of death penalty in Russia began in primitive society and was used to punish state crimes in the early feudal countries. The criminal rules stipulated in the 1649 Concert of Peter I were further tightened, expanded and specified. Elizabeth granted amnesty to criminals sentenced to death, and none of them were actually executed during her administration. Yekaterina II is an opponent of the application of the death penalty, and the criminal part of the oracle adheres to the principle of adaptation of crime and punishment. During the reign of Alexander II and III, the number of crimes committed by the State increased sharply, and accordingly, the number of death sentences also rose sharply. In the early 20th century, there was a certain degree of legislative progress, and then the political policy issued later became an abuse of state power. The terror pervades, the death penalty rises to the cause. Throughout the history of the death penalty in Russia, it has repeatedly experienced the process from strengthening the death penalty to abolishing the death penalty, and then to resuming the death penalty, reflecting the historical reincarnation caused by the different orientations of the value of the death penalty in different historical periods in Russia.
【作者单位】： 陶里亚蒂国立大学国家和法的历史教研室;中国政法大学比较法学研究院;
【基金】：汪海燕教授主持的中国政法大学刑事法学创新团队(辩护制度研究)及中国政法大学校级人文社会科学研究项目资助(10ZFQ82015)
【分类号】：D951.2;DD914
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