汉晋民事司法变迁管测:基于甘肃临泽《田产争讼爰书》的探讨

发布时间：2019-04-10 19:25

【摘要】：2010年,甘肃张掖临泽县出土了一份珍贵的诉讼文书,时间为西晋建兴元年(313年),内容涉及堂兄弟间的田产继承纠纷。从法律史的视角看,这份文书的珍贵价值在于:它展现了汉晋之间的民事司法变迁,使人们看到,原本较纯粹的早期民法,如何被逐渐地导向了刑事化的轨道上。一方面,汉代的先令券书、分家析产、县廷裁断等民法制度继续存在;但另一方面,很多新变化产生了:代表宗族力量的"宗长"取代了原本负责"听讼"的乡啬夫,攫取了初审的权威;对于兄弟争田,已不再根据券书等证据判定曲直,而是以宗法伦理辅以惩罚手段打压诉讼双方,迫使双方息讼了事;原本不适用刑罚的民事诉讼,开始有了刑事化处理的倾向。推动这些变化的力量是当时在基层兴起的宗族组织。
[Abstract]:In 2010, Zhangye Linze County, Gansu Province, unearthed a valuable litigation document, the first year of Xijin Jianxing (313), involving the disputes between cousins in the inheritance of farmland. From the perspective of legal history, the valuable value of this document lies in: it shows the changes of civil justice between Han and Jin dynasties, and makes people see how the original pure early civil law was gradually directed to the path of criminalization. On the one hand, the system of civil law, such as the shilling voucher of the Han Dynasty, the separation of families, the adjudication of the county court and so on, continues to exist; But on the other hand, many new changes have emerged: the "patriarch", who represents the clan forces, replaced the township Sik Fu, who was in charge of "hearing the lawsuit", and seized the authority of the first trial; For brotherly dispute, it is no longer judged straight according to evidence such as voucher, but punishes both parties with patriarchal ethics and punishments, forcing both parties to settle the lawsuit. Civil litigation, which originally did not apply the penalty, began to have the tendency of criminal treatment. The forces driving these changes were clan organizations that rose at the grass-roots level.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学人文学院;
【基金】：2012上海市浦江人才计划“中国传统民法之基石”(项目号12PJC041)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D929

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