从等价报应到积极的一般预防——黑格尔刑罚理论的新解读及其启示
发布时间：2019-05-10 02:13
【摘要】：近年来,有不少德国学者认为黑格尔是积极一般预防理论的鼻祖之一。黑格尔的刑罚理论与雅科布斯的积极一般预防理论之间有着高度的相似性,黑格尔的犯罪观契合了积极一般预防理论的实质。在刑罚理论发展史上,正是刑法学领域内的"黑格尔复兴"助产了积极一般预防理论。传统的观点一直认为黑格尔是报应刑论的典型代表,其报应理论来自于康德的反射性报应理论,这种绝对主义的立场能够避免将个人当成实现社会目的的工具。为了兼顾预防的必要性,黑格尔放弃了康德的等量报应观念,提出了"等价报应理论",即允许作为犯罪影像的刑罚在犯罪的基础上发生一定的"变形"。但等价报应理论并不能缓解刑罚目的与人格尊严之间的紧张关系,解决问题的出路在于区分刑罚理论与量刑理论,将前者作为宏观的问题,以积极一般预防理论为内核;将后者作为微观的运作程序,以同等对待原则为指导。
[Abstract]:In recent years, many German scholars believe that Heger is one of the ancestors of positive general prevention theory. There is a high degree of similarity between Heger's penalty theory and Jacobs' positive general prevention theory. Heger's view of crime fits into the essence of positive general prevention theory. In the history of the development of penalty theory, it is the Hegelian Revival in the field of criminal law that has assisted the theory of positive general prevention. The traditional view has always believed that Heger is a typical representative of retribution theory, and his retribution theory comes from Kant's reflective retribution theory, which can avoid using the individual as a tool to achieve social goals. In order to take into account the necessity of prevention, Heger abandoned Kant's concept of equal retribution and put forward the theory of equivalent retribution, that is, to allow the penalty as a criminal image to undergo certain "deformation" on the basis of crime. However, the theory of equivalent retribution can not alleviate the tension between the purpose of penalty and the dignity of human person. The way to solve the problem lies in distinguishing the theory of penalty from the theory of sentencing, taking the former as a macro problem and taking the theory of positive general prevention as the core. The latter as a micro operating procedure, guided by the principle of equal treatment.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学法学院;武汉大学哲学学院博士后科研流动站;
【基金】：武汉大学“70后”学术团队“我国现代化进程中的刑事法治问题研究团队”、中国博士后科学基金面上项目“‘法官释法'的困境分析”(项目编号为2012M521447)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：D909.1;D914
[Abstract]:In recent years, many German scholars believe that Heger is one of the ancestors of positive general prevention theory. There is a high degree of similarity between Heger's penalty theory and Jacobs' positive general prevention theory. Heger's view of crime fits into the essence of positive general prevention theory. In the history of the development of penalty theory, it is the Hegelian Revival in the field of criminal law that has assisted the theory of positive general prevention. The traditional view has always believed that Heger is a typical representative of retribution theory, and his retribution theory comes from Kant's reflective retribution theory, which can avoid using the individual as a tool to achieve social goals. In order to take into account the necessity of prevention, Heger abandoned Kant's concept of equal retribution and put forward the theory of equivalent retribution, that is, to allow the penalty as a criminal image to undergo certain "deformation" on the basis of crime. However, the theory of equivalent retribution can not alleviate the tension between the purpose of penalty and the dignity of human person. The way to solve the problem lies in distinguishing the theory of penalty from the theory of sentencing, taking the former as a macro problem and taking the theory of positive general prevention as the core. The latter as a micro operating procedure, guided by the principle of equal treatment.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学法学院;武汉大学哲学学院博士后科研流动站;
【基金】：武汉大学“70后”学术团队“我国现代化进程中的刑事法治问题研究团队”、中国博士后科学基金面上项目“‘法官释法'的困境分析”(项目编号为2012M521447)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：D909.1;D914
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