城市社区中的多元化纠纷解决机制

发布时间：2019-05-14 10:59

【摘要】：本文缘起于笔者亲历一个物业纠纷事件，单个事件本身有其独特的背景与原因，但是却折射出当今中国社会普遍的一个现象。城市社区是中国转型社会矛盾显现的一个“小舞台”，如何有效解决城市社区内的矛盾冲突，寻求有效治理城市社区的治理模式，是构筑和谐社会的整体的有益探索。对此，不管是理论界还是政府，都进行了探讨与实践，城市社区中的纠纷类型多样，呈现出专业化、复杂化、群体化趋向。反观城市社区中的纠纷排解与解决机制面对庞大的现实需求却显得捉襟见肘，各种矛盾解决机制独立分散，没有体系性与连贯性，使社会矛盾存在一个“空白地带”。作为城市基本组成单位的社区中纠纷频发，矛盾容易激化进而导致重大群体性事件，危害整个城市的安全，无益于和谐社会的构建；此类纠纷的产生也带有明显的时代印记，市场经济的发展带来个体利益的追逐，各种利益需求相互交织，多元化力量相互对抗，演变为社会转型背景下城市社区所面临的社区治理问题。带着对于城市社区环境的关切以及营造和谐密切的生活环境的期望，笔者以空间为坐标，比较传统的农村社会与当下的城市社区，揭示出改革开放所带来的变革性不仅仅体现在经济制度上，社会形态、居民心态都随之发生了巨大转变：在主体构成多样化，社会分化明显的趋势下，个体权利意识增强，弹性空间缩小，而传统道德的规范作用下降，多元化主体之间缺乏长效的沟通平台；然后以时间为脉络，分析城市社区从“单位制”到“社区制”的转变，以实践角度揭示转型社会背景下转变管理模式是必然选择，但是现有的管理模式却无法有效地管理脱离“单位制”管辖的社区，居委会等基层组织职能定位模糊，功能发挥受到限制。在分析的基础上，本文通过提出以多元化合作构筑协商沟通平台，维护社区整体性为指导原则，通过培养“社区精神”，发挥社区内生性力量；构建沟通层——协调层——调节层——裁决层的分层过滤制度，促进司法权力等正式权力在社区内部的非正式运作；建立社区内公共平台和综合治理中心，系统地将具有时代新特征的社区矛盾纠纷归入社会法律控制体系，完善社区治理。社会稳定是社会控制的最终目标，如何更好地妥善解决社区矛盾纠纷，有利于弥补现有纠纷解决方式的不足，克服诉讼途径的有限作用和现实困镜，完善法律制度体系，促进城市社区可持续性发展，促进社会主义和谐社会的建设，这也是本文之目的所在。
[Abstract]:This paper originates from the author's experience of a property dispute event, a single event itself has its own unique background and reasons, but reflects a common phenomenon in today's Chinese society. Urban community is a "small stage" for the contradiction of transitional society in China. How to effectively solve the contradiction and conflict in urban community and seek the governance mode of effective governance of urban community is a beneficial exploration to build a harmonious society as a whole. In this regard, both the theoretical circle and the government have carried on the discussion and the practice, the dispute type in the urban community is various, presents the specialization, the complexity, the group tendency. On the other hand, the dispute resolution and resolution mechanism in the urban community is overstretched in the face of the huge realistic demand. All kinds of contradiction resolution mechanisms are independent and scattered, and there is no system and coherence, so that there is a "blank zone" of social contradictions. As the basic unit of the city, disputes occur frequently in the community, and the contradiction is easy to intensify, which leads to major group events, endangers the safety of the whole city, and is not conducive to the construction of a harmonious society. The emergence of such disputes also has an obvious imprint of the times, the development of market economy brings the pursuit of individual interests, various interests and needs are intertwined with each other, and pluralistic forces confront each other. It has evolved into the problem of community governance faced by urban communities under the background of social transformation. With the concern for the urban community environment and the expectation of creating a harmonious and close living environment, the author takes space as the coordinate and compares the traditional rural society with the current urban community. It is revealed that the transformation brought about by reform and opening up is not only reflected in the economic system, but also in the social form and residents' state of mind. Under the trend of diversification of subject composition and obvious social differentiation, the awareness of individual rights is enhanced. The elastic space is reduced, while the normative role of traditional morality is declining, and there is a lack of a long-term communication platform among the diversified subjects. Then, taking time as the context, this paper analyzes the transformation of urban community from "unit system" to "community system", and reveals from the practical point of view that it is an inevitable choice to change the management mode under the background of transitional society. However, the existing management mode can not effectively manage the community which is out of the jurisdiction of the "unit system". The function orientation of grass-roots organizations such as neighborhood committees is vague, and the function play is limited. On the basis of analysis, this paper puts forward the guiding principle of constructing consultation and communication platform based on diversified cooperation and maintaining the integrity of the community, and giving full play to the intrinsic strength of the community by cultivating the "community spirit". To construct the hierarchical filtering system of communication layer, coordination layer, regulatory layer and adjudication layer, and to promote the informal operation of formal power such as judicial power within the community. Establish the public platform and comprehensive governance center in the community, systematically put the community contradictions and disputes with the new characteristics of the times into the social legal control system, and improve the community governance. Social stability is the ultimate goal of social control. How to better solve community contradictions and disputes is conducive to making up for the shortcomings of the existing dispute resolution methods, overcoming the limited role and practical difficulties of litigation channels, and perfecting the legal system. Promote the sustainable development of urban community and promote the construction of socialist harmonious society, which is also the purpose of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.0

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