哈耶克的自由概念研究
发布时间：2019-05-18 03:43
【摘要】：在西方政治哲学中,自由无疑是一个十分重要的概念。哈耶克认为当下西方世界所取得的文明成果都应当归功于西方人民所信奉的自由理念。然而在人人谈论自由的时代,极少有人能清楚什么是自由。在现代制度文明创造性建设的关键时期,精确理解促使西方取得当下文明的自由理念显得尤为重要。因此本文从哈耶克认识论的角度全面而深入地分析哈耶克的自由概念,为人们准确理解哈耶克的自由概念提供新的视角。本文主要分为以下五个部分: 第一部分是本文的引言,主要通过分析国内外学者对哈耶克的自由概念的研究现状,提出本文以哈耶克的自由概念为研究内容的意义之所在。 第二部分主要是从四个角度宏观地介绍哈耶克的自由概念。首先直接阐释哈耶克的自由乃是指他人专断意志强制的不存在。其次通过分析引证得出哈耶克的自由并不能等同于消极自由,而是以一种消极的定义方式来展示其积极的实质内容。再次通过对哈耶克的自由与选择的关系的分析得出,判断一个人是否自由并不在其选择范围的大小,而在于其自身的意志是否能够得以实现。最后较为深入地探讨了哈耶克的自由与法律之间的关系。自由虽然在形式上从属于法律,但在实质上,法律只是保护自由的一种手段,并且只有同时具备一般且抽象、公知且确定以及平等三个属性的法律才能保障自由。 为了进一步加深对哈耶克的自由概念的理解,本文第三部分采用比较分析法,将哈耶克所界定个人自由与政治自由、内在自由、肯定性自由三种影响相对较大的自由概念进行深入比较分析。个人自由即不等同于政治参与,也不能等同于内在理性,更不能简单的等同财富与权力,个人自由是为了保证个人能够利用自己的能力去实现自己的合理欲求。 第四部分进入对哈耶克的自由概念的微观分析。本部分以哈耶克将其自由概念的界定为他人专断意志强制的不存在为切入点,着重从“强制”的涵义、方式及程度等方面分析理解哈耶克自由概念的关键术语“强制”。哈耶克所否定是来自他人的强制,而不是一切的外在强制,这些来自他人的强制既包括赤裸裸的暴力和威胁,也包括欺骗或欺诈。同时这些来自他人的强制在程度上是有区别的,对于何种程度的强制需要得到禁止,则需要根据不同时期的具体社会情势做出具体的判断。 第五部分,也是本文重点及创新之所在,分别从哈耶克知识观的“无知”与“知”这两个角度来论证其自由概念的形成,以期能够从更为广度的视角全面理解哈耶克的自由概念的核心之所在。个人心智自身的特征以及近代以来知识的分工决定了每个人所能知晓的只是人类知识中的极少一部分,因此每个人在整个人类知识面前都是无知的,并且这种“无知”是无差别的,所以任何人都不具有足以能够对社会理性构设的知识,也不存在一个人或一个机构,知识多到能够强制他人的地步。因此专断意志的强制在知识论上并不具有合理性。人类文明的发展在于人类知识的进步与运用。知识的分散性使得每个人都有行为决策的自由成为必要,只有这样,才能使每个人在其特有的知识与特定的情势之间形成特定的组合中产生新的工具或对旧的工具进行改进。这就是哈耶克强调个人自由重要性的缘由,也是哈耶克提出其自由概念的最终目的。
[Abstract]:In the western political philosophy, freedom is undoubtedly a very important concept. Hayek is of the view that the achievements of the civilization in the western world should be attributed to the free concept of the Western people. In the age of freedom for all, however, it is very rare to be aware of what is free. In the critical period of the modern system civilization's creative construction, it is very important to understand the idea of the freedom of the west to acquire the present civilization. So this paper, from the perspective of Hayek's epistemology, fully and deeply analyses the concept of Hayek's free concept, and provides a new perspective for people to understand the concept of the free-of-freedom of Hayek. The article is mainly divided into the following five parts: The first part is the introduction of this paper, mainly through the analysis of the present situation of the research of the free concept of Hayek at home and abroad, and put forward the significance of the concept of Hayek as the research content. In the second part, it is mainly from four angles to introduce Hayek from four angles. The concept. First of all, the direct interpretation of Hayek's freedom is to be forced by the will of others. It does not exist. Secondly, through the analysis, it is concluded that Hayek's freedom cannot be equated with negative freedom, but rather a negative definition to show its positive reality. By analyzing the relationship between the free and the choice of Hayek, it is determined whether a person is free and not in the size of his choice but in that his will can In the end, the freedom and the law of Hayek are discussed in more detail. The relation of freedom, while in the form of a law, is, in essence, a means of protecting freedom, and only a law that has the general and abstract, public and definite and equal three attributes can be guaranteed. In order to further deepen the understanding of the concept of freedom in Hayek, the third part of this article adopts the comparative analysis method, and the three influences of the individual freedom and political freedom, the inherent freedom and the positive and the qualitative freedom defined by Hayek are deeply influenced by the relatively large free concept. A comparative analysis. The individual's freedom, that is, is not equal to political participation, cannot be equated with the intrinsic reason or the simple equivalent of wealth and power, and the individual's freedom is to ensure that the individual is able to use his or her ability to achieve himself A reasonable desire. The fourth part is to enter the freedom of Hayek. The micro-analysis of the concept. This part is based on Hayek's definition of the free concept as an entry point for the non-existence of the will of others. The key terms of the concept of the Hayek's freedom are analyzed from the aspects of the meaning, the way and the degree of the "force". ". Hayek's negative is a force from another, not all of it, and the coercion from others includes both naked violence and threats. include fraud or fraud. At the same time, there is a difference in the degree of coercion from others, and to what extent compulsory needs are prohibited, the specific social situation in different periods is required The fifth part, which is the focus and the innovation of this article, demonstrates the formation of its free concept from the two angles of the "ignorance" and the "know" of Hayek's knowledge view, in order to be able to fully understand the self-interest of Hayek from a wider perspective. From the core of the concept, the characteristics of the individual's mind and the division of the knowledge since the modern times have determined that everyone can be aware of only a few of the human knowledge, so everyone is ignorant of the entire human knowledge, and this" trunk "" igsaw " is no difference, so no one has enough knowledge to be able to construct a sense of social rationality, and there is no one or a body, and the knowledge is so many." To force a person to the point of another. Therefore, the force of the will to break will be in knowledge. The development of human civilization is human The progress and application of class knowledge. The dispersibility of knowledge makes every person have the freedom to make a decision, so that each person can create a new tool in a specific combination between the specific knowledge and the specific situation. The improvement of the old tool. This is the reason for Hayek to stress the importance of the individual's freedom, and it's Mr. Hayek.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.1
本文编号：2479642
[Abstract]:In the western political philosophy, freedom is undoubtedly a very important concept. Hayek is of the view that the achievements of the civilization in the western world should be attributed to the free concept of the Western people. In the age of freedom for all, however, it is very rare to be aware of what is free. In the critical period of the modern system civilization's creative construction, it is very important to understand the idea of the freedom of the west to acquire the present civilization. So this paper, from the perspective of Hayek's epistemology, fully and deeply analyses the concept of Hayek's free concept, and provides a new perspective for people to understand the concept of the free-of-freedom of Hayek. The article is mainly divided into the following five parts: The first part is the introduction of this paper, mainly through the analysis of the present situation of the research of the free concept of Hayek at home and abroad, and put forward the significance of the concept of Hayek as the research content. In the second part, it is mainly from four angles to introduce Hayek from four angles. The concept. First of all, the direct interpretation of Hayek's freedom is to be forced by the will of others. It does not exist. Secondly, through the analysis, it is concluded that Hayek's freedom cannot be equated with negative freedom, but rather a negative definition to show its positive reality. By analyzing the relationship between the free and the choice of Hayek, it is determined whether a person is free and not in the size of his choice but in that his will can In the end, the freedom and the law of Hayek are discussed in more detail. The relation of freedom, while in the form of a law, is, in essence, a means of protecting freedom, and only a law that has the general and abstract, public and definite and equal three attributes can be guaranteed. In order to further deepen the understanding of the concept of freedom in Hayek, the third part of this article adopts the comparative analysis method, and the three influences of the individual freedom and political freedom, the inherent freedom and the positive and the qualitative freedom defined by Hayek are deeply influenced by the relatively large free concept. A comparative analysis. The individual's freedom, that is, is not equal to political participation, cannot be equated with the intrinsic reason or the simple equivalent of wealth and power, and the individual's freedom is to ensure that the individual is able to use his or her ability to achieve himself A reasonable desire. The fourth part is to enter the freedom of Hayek. The micro-analysis of the concept. This part is based on Hayek's definition of the free concept as an entry point for the non-existence of the will of others. The key terms of the concept of the Hayek's freedom are analyzed from the aspects of the meaning, the way and the degree of the "force". ". Hayek's negative is a force from another, not all of it, and the coercion from others includes both naked violence and threats. include fraud or fraud. At the same time, there is a difference in the degree of coercion from others, and to what extent compulsory needs are prohibited, the specific social situation in different periods is required The fifth part, which is the focus and the innovation of this article, demonstrates the formation of its free concept from the two angles of the "ignorance" and the "know" of Hayek's knowledge view, in order to be able to fully understand the self-interest of Hayek from a wider perspective. From the core of the concept, the characteristics of the individual's mind and the division of the knowledge since the modern times have determined that everyone can be aware of only a few of the human knowledge, so everyone is ignorant of the entire human knowledge, and this" trunk "" igsaw " is no difference, so no one has enough knowledge to be able to construct a sense of social rationality, and there is no one or a body, and the knowledge is so many." To force a person to the point of another. Therefore, the force of the will to break will be in knowledge. The development of human civilization is human The progress and application of class knowledge. The dispersibility of knowledge makes every person have the freedom to make a decision, so that each person can create a new tool in a specific combination between the specific knowledge and the specific situation. The improvement of the old tool. This is the reason for Hayek to stress the importance of the individual's freedom, and it's Mr. Hayek.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.1
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