哈耶克立法思想研究

发布时间：2019-06-08 15:30

【摘要】：在二十世纪的西方思想界,弗里德里希·奥古斯特·冯·哈耶克(Fdiedrich Von Hayek)无疑是一位极其重要的人物。然而,由于其理论的复杂性和对它把握的困难,他的思想被人们大量地误读,再加上人们对他的思想的“印象式”的把握,其结果是哈耶克的思想被弄得面目全非,无以辨认,更不利于传承。因此,为了避免误读和对哈耶克思想的这种“印象式”的把握,笔者在细致研读哈耶克理论文本《法律立法与自由》(三卷本)的基础上,辅之以哈耶克的其他著作,试图对他的思想有一个总体上的把握。同时,从笔者目前收集的资料和阅读范围来看,国内外学者虽然都从不同的角度对哈耶克思想进行了研究,但他们往往是从宏观上进行把握,几乎没有对哈耶克立法思想进行精细化、系统化的专门探究,他自己也未就立法问题做过系统的论述,但是,他的立法思想作为其整个思想体系中的一座富矿一旦被开采出来将极具意义,它不仅会丰富我们的立法理论,而且还能为立法实践提供服务。所以,本文将从他的立法思想切入,通过探讨立法在其整个理论体系中的位置,并进而追究哈耶克立法思想的理论基础,把握哈耶克立法思想的基本内容,使哈耶克的立法思想尽可能地凸显出来。本文首先从立法思想的理论基础入手,通过探讨立法思想的各种理论基础(方法论上的个人主义、知识论上的康德主义、理性的限制和自生自发秩序),试图对立法思想进行更为基础、更为深刻的理论化的追问。这一部分主要包括四部分内容:方法论上的个人主义,通过对哈耶克方法论上的个人主义的探讨,为他的立法思想在方法上打下基础;知识论上的康德主义,通过对这一部分的论述,不仅可以为他的立法思想打下知识论上的基础,而且为下文他的关于人类理性的限制做好铺垫;理性的限制,这一部分实际上为他的立法思想(立法有其自身必要的限度)提供了直接的基础;而对于自生自发秩序的阐述实际上为他的立法思想从另外一个侧面提供了基础,总之,这四个方面共同构成了哈耶克立法思想的理论基础。其次,在第一部分论述的基础上,详细探讨立法思想的具体内容。这一部分在哈耶克关于两种规则(外部规则和内部规则)分类的基础上,深入探讨两种规则各自的立法所应注意的限度:对于外部规则的立法,主要是要防止超出它所应该和所能够调整的范围,而使它的触角深入到应由内部规则调整的领域,从而对自由和自生自发秩序造成侵犯和毁损。对于内部规则的立法,强调它是一个发现的过程,而非刻意建构的过程,并且,即使是发现,也不是没有范围的,它必须是在一个给定的规则框架之下进行必要补充和细节修正的工作。第三,在第二部分的基础上,详细探讨立法标准(超立法原理),试图弄清立法机关所立之法在标准上的一个限度。在这一部分,不仅详细探讨了哈耶克的“超立法原理”与实证主义的基本观点的联系和区别,而且,进一步探讨了“超立法原理”和在西方具有悠久历史传统的自然法观念之间的关系,最后,还探讨了“超立法原理”和宪法的关系。第四,详细探讨哈耶克立法思想在制度上的建构(立法议会、同龄人俱乐部、政府治理议会)。在这一部分,主要通过对立法议会、同龄人俱乐部、政府治理议会三种机构在制度上的建构的探讨,使我们在制度层面更为逼真、更为形象地把握哈耶克的立法思想,让我们可以真切地看到立法在制度层面的一个限度,哪怕哈耶克的这种关于立法的制度建构具有非常强烈的乌托邦色彩! 通过对前文的论述,在结合中国的实际并简要回顾新中国立法的历史的基础上,试图找到一些对我们有用的启示。文末将哈耶克的立法思想总结为:立法既不是万能的,也无需怀疑它存在的意义;立法既不是无所作为的,但也不是可以任意进行的,而是必须遵循其自身特有的规律。总之,一句话:立法有着它自身必要的限度!
[Abstract]:In the western ideology of the twentieth century, Friedrich Von Hayek is no doubt an extremely important figure. However, because of the complexity of its theory and the difficulty in grasping it, his thought is misread by people, and then the "Impression" of his thought is grasped, and the result is that the thought of Hayek is made up and out of order, and it is not easy to read. Therefore, in order to avoid misreading and the grasp of this "Impression" of Hayek's thought, the author, on the basis of the careful study of Hayek's theoretical text, the law and freedom> (three-volume copy), is supplemented by the other works of Hayek, trying to have an overall focus on his thought At the same time, at the same time, from the data collected by the author and the reading range, the domestic and foreign scholars have studied the Hayek's thought from different angles, but they are often held from the macro level, and there is little to elaborate and systematize the Hayek's legislative thought. He has not made a systematic exposition of the legislative problem himself, but his legislative thought, as a rich mine in his whole system of thought, would be of great significance, not only to enrich our legislative theory, but also to provide a suit for legislative practice Therefore, this article will cut through his legislative thought, and through the discussion of the position of the legislation in the whole theoretical system, and then hold the theoretical foundation of the Hayek's legislative thought, grasp the basic contents of the Hayek's legislative thought, and make the legislative thought of Hayek as much as possible First of all, this paper starts with the theoretical foundation of the legislative thought, and attempts to make more of the legislative thought through the discussion of the various theoretical basis of the legislative thought (the individualism in the methodology, the Kant's theory on the knowledge theory, the rational restriction and the spontaneous order of the self-generation). To be a more profound and theoretical basis. The part of this part mainly includes four parts: the individualism in the methodology, through the discussion of the individualism in the methodology of the Hayek, to lay the foundation for his legislative thought in the method, and to the Kant's doctrine on the knowledge theory, through the study of this part The discussion not only can lay the foundation for his legislative thought, but also lay the foundation for his limitation on human reason; the limitation of reason is in fact provided for his legislative thought (the necessary limit of the legislation) On the basis of the fact that the explanation of the spontaneous order of self-generation in fact provides the basis for his legislative thought from the other side, in all, the four aspects together constitute the theory of Hayek's legislative thought. On the basis of the first part, the author discusses the legislative thought in detail. This part, on the basis of the classification of two rules (external rules and internal rules) on the two rules (external rules and internal rules), explores the limits to which the respective legislation of the two rules should be brought to the attention: for external rules, it is essential to prevent it from exceeding what it should and can The scope of the adjustment, which in turn causes its antenna to go deep into the area that should be adjusted by the internal rules, resulting in free and spontaneous order Infringement and damage. For the legislation of the internal rules, it is emphasized that it is a process of discovery rather than a deliberate construction process, and, even if it is found, it is not in scope, it must be necessary to make the necessary additions and details under a given rule framework The third part, on the basis of the second part, discusses the legislative standard (the principle of ultra-legislation) in detail, and tries to find out the law of the legislature in the bid In this part, the relationship and the difference between the "the principle of ultra-legislation" of Hayek and the positivism are discussed in detail, and the relationship between the "the principle of ultra-legislation" and the concept of natural law with a long history in the west is further discussed. The fourth, the construction of the legislative thought of the Hayek in the system (the legislative assembly and the peers) In this part, through the discussion of the construction of the three institutions of the legislative assembly, the peer club and the government governing council, we make the system more realistic and more image-oriented. By holding the legislative idea of Hayek, we can see that the legislation is at a limited level at the institutional level, even if Mr. Hayek's system of system construction is not On the basis of combining with China's practice and briefly reviewing the history of the new Chinese legislation, we try to find out In the end, Hayek's legislative thoughts are summarized as: the legislation is neither omnipotent nor suspected of the significance of it; the legislation is neither omnipotent nor can it be done in any way, but it will It must follow its own rules. In summary, in a word: standing
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.1

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