回应型立法模式论

发布时间：2019-06-10 05:32

【摘要】：伴随社会改革向纵深方向发展以及社会矛盾日益复杂化、民众参与意识增强、社会法律需求的增多、社会信息冲击的加大,传统自上而下与赶超型的立法模式所表现出的变革立法、经济立法、数量立法以及移植立法越来难以适应这种社会现状而暴露出诸多弊端,社会变迁对立法转型提出了挑战。在这种背景之下,回应型立法模式作为以公众呼声、社会需求为主导的立法模式因为其直接的参与性与回应性、开放的立法体系而具有与现行社会变迁相容共促的内在品质而备受推崇。回应型立法模式强调一种适时立法、被动立法、强调将法的运作作为一个广义的立法过程来对待,可以回应不断增多的社会需求。从实证角度分析,回应型立法模式的产生的有其必要性与实践中的可行性,必要性包括社会矛盾突出、传统立法模式失灵、公众参与困境的要求等；可行性包括是社会主义法律体系的建立、社会法律需求的增多等。而且这种新型的立法模式具有跨学科的理论支撑与基础,同制度经济学、管理学等诸多学科的发展方向具有内在的理论契合点与同源性,作为人文学科的发展方向,它们有内在的统一性,都蕴含一种平等、对话、软性的理念。符合社会人文学科的发展方向与研究前沿。但是作为一种理想化的立法模式,构建理想的回应型立法模式的运作体制。从回应型立法模式的要素来看,首先需要充足的立法呼声与参与意见,这是立法关注回应的基础所在,其次要有专业理性的分析工具与模型对隐匿于民意背后的立法需求予以提练并分析,这是回应型立法模式的控制阀,这一环节如果运行有问题,将直接导致陷入民粹立法的深渊,最后需要及时负责任的对话与回应,这既是对回应型立法模式的要求,也可以从更好的激发民众参与的积极性。总而言之,回应型立法模式需要广阔海量的信息输入作为信息处理前提、专业的立法理论评析信息、健全的渠道机制进行回应。但遗憾的是受我国目前的社会、政治体制等诸多因素的影响,离这种新型的立法模式还有相当漫长的道路,以《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》的修改为例,考察我国立法回应现状,无论从体制机制异或从基础要索的积累都与理想的模式存在较大的差距。为此在可接受的程度内,比较务实之选就是采取由下面上的逐步推广、在现行立法体制中嵌入回应型立法的若干原则与精神,在现阶段实践这种立法模式的可行之选就是在现有立法体制内嵌入带有立法回应色彩,并加强理论上研究,并逐步采取试点推行的方式或者在小范围之内予以贯彻,以期为大范围推广积累经验。
[Abstract]:With the development of social reform in the direction of depth and the increasing complexity of social contradictions, the awareness of public participation, the increase of social legal demand and the impact of social information are becoming more and more complex. The traditional top-down and catch-up legislative model shows that the reform legislation, economic legislation, quantitative legislation and transplantation legislation are more and more difficult to adapt to this social situation and expose many drawbacks. Social changes pose a challenge to the legislative transformation. In this context, the responsive legislative model is a legislative model dominated by public voice and social demand because of its direct participation and responsiveness. The open legislative system has the inherent quality which is compatible with the current social change and is highly respected. The responsive legislative model emphasizes a kind of timely legislation, passive legislation, and emphasizes that the operation of the law can be treated as a broad legislative process, which can respond to the increasing social needs. From the empirical point of view, the emergence of the responsive legislative model has its necessity and feasibility in practice, including the prominent social contradictions, the failure of the traditional legislative model, the requirements of the dilemma of public participation, and so on. Feasibility includes the establishment of socialist legal system, the increase of social legal demand and so on. Moreover, this new legislative model has interdisciplinary theoretical support and foundation, and has inherent theoretical coincidence and homology with the development direction of many disciplines, such as institutional economics, management and so on, as the development direction of humanities. They have inherent unity and contain a concept of equality, dialogue and softness. In line with the development direction and research frontier of social humanities. However, as an idealized legislative model, the operation system of ideal responsive legislative model is constructed. From the point of view of the elements of the responsive legislative model, we first need adequate legislative calls and participating opinions, which is the basis of the legislative attention response. Secondly, it is necessary to have professional and rational analysis tools and models to train and analyze the legislative needs hidden behind public opinion, which is the control valve of the responsive legislative model, and if there is a problem in the operation of this link, It will directly lead to falling into the abyss of populist legislation, and finally requires timely and responsible dialogue and response, which is not only the requirement of the responsive legislative model, but also can better stimulate the enthusiasm of the people to participate. In a word, the responsive legislative model needs extensive and massive information input as the premise of information processing, professional legislative theory evaluation of information, sound channel mechanism to respond. However, unfortunately, influenced by many factors, such as the current social and political system of our country, there is still a long way from this new legislative model, taking the revision of the personal income tax Law of the people's Republic of China as an example. To investigate the present situation of legislative response in our country, there is a big gap between the accumulation of institutional mechanism and foundation, and the ideal model. To this end, to an acceptable extent, the more pragmatic choice is to adopt the following gradual promotion, embedding some principles and spirits of responsive legislation in the current legislative system. The feasible choice to practice this legislative model at this stage is to embed the color of legislative response in the existing legislative system, and to strengthen the theoretical research, and gradually adopt the way of pilot implementation or implement it on a small scale. In order to popularize and accumulate experience on a large scale.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.0

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