中华民国时期继承制度研究
发布时间：2019-06-13 07:18
【摘要】：中华民国时期是一个承前启后的特殊历史时期,在这一时期,中国传统的法律价值观与近代西方的法律思想发生了激烈的碰撞。传统的法律体系逐步瓦解,新的法律体系开始重塑,中国法制开始了近代化的发展进程,这种强烈的互动局面在民法领域尤其是婚姻继承立法领域表现地尤为突出,主要表现为法律移植与固有传统之间的冲突和立法者在国家法与习惯法之间的抉择。继承法是家族法中与中国固有的传统观念联系最为紧密的身份法,因此对继承法的分析和研究,对于了解中国民法近代化和揭示中国法制变革的特征具有重要意义。 本文力求完整地描述中国继承法近代化的全过程,因此将文章共分为五个部分,第一部分简要说明了中国传统继承制度的概况,具体包括中国的传统身份继承制度和中国传统财产继承制度。通过对历代继承制度的描述,为下文描写清末民初的继承法变革做好了铺垫。第二部分则交代了民国时期的继承立法背景,包括清末和民国时期的背景。第三部分则按照时间顺序对民国时期的继承法草案的发展过程进行了具体的分析说明,包括清末的1911年的《大清民律草案》的继承编,1925年的北洋政府的继承法草案、1928年的民国政府的《民国民律草案·继承编》在内的三部草案和1930年的《民国民法典·继承编》一部法典。在继承立法具体起草过程中,通过历次习惯调查的结果、相关司法判例和解释例,来分析立法者在处理习惯法与国家法关系时的态度和法律移植与本土化之间的选择。第四部分从内容和特点角度,对民国民法典进行了具体的分析说明,其中重点关注男女平等原则的确立、特留分制度、法定继承制度、遗嘱继承制度和限定继承制度五个方面,揭示了立法者在西方法律制度的移植和本土习惯法之间的艰难抉择,并通过对民法典的相关司法诉状和判例的分析,来描绘继承立法的在近代化发展中的成长轨迹。第五部分是对民国继承立法的一些启示,这部分是对民国继承立法近代化的成果的总结和理论升华,包括法律移植的成因和必要性、国家法与民间法的关系、大理院的司法实践和对中国现行继承法的立法意义。 通过对中国继承立法由古至今几千年发展脉络的梳理,并结合民间习惯调查活动和司法判例的考察,分析民国时期继承立法的演变过程,来揭示我国继承立法近代化的发展特点即：通过在法律移植和本土化、国家法与民间法之间寻找契合点,为法律近代化发展服务。同时以史为鉴,从法制史角度为现行继承制度的确立和发展提供立法参考和实践样本。
[Abstract]:The period of the Republic of China is a special historical period, during which the traditional legal values of China collide fiercely with the legal thought of the modern West. The traditional legal system gradually disintegrates, the new legal system begins to reshape, and the Chinese legal system begins the process of modernization. This strong interactive situation is particularly prominent in the field of civil law, especially in the field of marital inheritance legislation, mainly manifested in the conflict between legal transplantation and inherent tradition and the choice between national law and customary law. Inheritance law is the identity law which is most closely related to the traditional concept inherent in China in family law. Therefore, the analysis and study of inheritance law is of great significance to understand the modernization of Chinese civil law and reveal the characteristics of legal reform in China. This paper tries to describe the whole process of modernization of Chinese inheritance law completely, so the article is divided into five parts. The first part briefly describes the general situation of Chinese traditional inheritance system, including Chinese traditional identity inheritance system and Chinese traditional property inheritance system. Through the description of the inheritance system of the past dynasties, it paves the way for the following description of the inheritance law reform in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The second part explains the background of succession legislation in the Republic of China, including the background of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The third part makes a concrete analysis and explanation of the development process of the draft inheritance law in the period of the Republic of China according to the chronological order, including the inheritance of the Qing Dynasty draft Civil Law in 1911, the inheritance Law of the Beiyang Government in 1925, the succession of the Civil Law of the Republic of China in 1928 and the succession of the Civil Code in 1930. In the process of drafting inheritance legislation, through the results of previous customary investigations, relevant judicial cases and interpretation examples, this paper analyzes the attitude of lawmakers in dealing with the relationship between customary law and national law, and the choice between legal transplantation and localization. The fourth part analyzes and explains the civil code from the point of view of content and characteristics, which focuses on the establishment of the principle of equality between men and women, the system of special retention, the system of legal succession, the system of testamentary succession and the system of limited inheritance, reveals the difficult choice between the transplantation of the western legal system and the local customary law, and through the analysis of the relevant judicial pleadings and cases of the civil code, To describe the growth track of inheritance legislation in the development of modernization. The fifth part is some enlightenment to the succession legislation of the Republic of China, which is the summary and theoretical sublimation of the modernization of the succession legislation of the Republic of China, including the causes and necessity of legal transplantation, the relationship between state law and folk law, the judicial practice of Dali Yuan and its legislative significance to the current inheritance law of China. Through combing the development of Chinese inheritance legislation from ancient times to thousands of years, and combining with the investigation of folk custom investigation activities and judicial precedents, this paper analyzes the evolution process of inheritance legislation in the Republic of China, and reveals the development characteristics of the modernization of succession legislation in China, that is, by finding the coincidence point between national law and folk law in the transplantation and localization of law, and serving for the development of legal modernization. At the same time, taking history as a mirror, this paper provides legislative reference and practical samples for the establishment and development of the current inheritance system from the perspective of the history of legal system.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.5;D929
本文编号：2498353
[Abstract]:The period of the Republic of China is a special historical period, during which the traditional legal values of China collide fiercely with the legal thought of the modern West. The traditional legal system gradually disintegrates, the new legal system begins to reshape, and the Chinese legal system begins the process of modernization. This strong interactive situation is particularly prominent in the field of civil law, especially in the field of marital inheritance legislation, mainly manifested in the conflict between legal transplantation and inherent tradition and the choice between national law and customary law. Inheritance law is the identity law which is most closely related to the traditional concept inherent in China in family law. Therefore, the analysis and study of inheritance law is of great significance to understand the modernization of Chinese civil law and reveal the characteristics of legal reform in China. This paper tries to describe the whole process of modernization of Chinese inheritance law completely, so the article is divided into five parts. The first part briefly describes the general situation of Chinese traditional inheritance system, including Chinese traditional identity inheritance system and Chinese traditional property inheritance system. Through the description of the inheritance system of the past dynasties, it paves the way for the following description of the inheritance law reform in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The second part explains the background of succession legislation in the Republic of China, including the background of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The third part makes a concrete analysis and explanation of the development process of the draft inheritance law in the period of the Republic of China according to the chronological order, including the inheritance of the Qing Dynasty draft Civil Law in 1911, the inheritance Law of the Beiyang Government in 1925, the succession of the Civil Law of the Republic of China in 1928 and the succession of the Civil Code in 1930. In the process of drafting inheritance legislation, through the results of previous customary investigations, relevant judicial cases and interpretation examples, this paper analyzes the attitude of lawmakers in dealing with the relationship between customary law and national law, and the choice between legal transplantation and localization. The fourth part analyzes and explains the civil code from the point of view of content and characteristics, which focuses on the establishment of the principle of equality between men and women, the system of special retention, the system of legal succession, the system of testamentary succession and the system of limited inheritance, reveals the difficult choice between the transplantation of the western legal system and the local customary law, and through the analysis of the relevant judicial pleadings and cases of the civil code, To describe the growth track of inheritance legislation in the development of modernization. The fifth part is some enlightenment to the succession legislation of the Republic of China, which is the summary and theoretical sublimation of the modernization of the succession legislation of the Republic of China, including the causes and necessity of legal transplantation, the relationship between state law and folk law, the judicial practice of Dali Yuan and its legislative significance to the current inheritance law of China. Through combing the development of Chinese inheritance legislation from ancient times to thousands of years, and combining with the investigation of folk custom investigation activities and judicial precedents, this paper analyzes the evolution process of inheritance legislation in the Republic of China, and reveals the development characteristics of the modernization of succession legislation in China, that is, by finding the coincidence point between national law and folk law in the transplantation and localization of law, and serving for the development of legal modernization. At the same time, taking history as a mirror, this paper provides legislative reference and practical samples for the establishment and development of the current inheritance system from the perspective of the history of legal system.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.5;D929
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 刘广安;传统习惯对清末民事立法的影响[J];比较法研究;1996年01期
2 王志强;民国时期的司法与民间习惯——不同司法管辖权下民事诉讼的比较研究[J];比较法研究;2000年04期
3 苏力;当代中国法律中的习惯——一个制定法的透视[J];法学评论;2001年03期
4 黄本莲;《民国民法典》对传统家庭财产制度的改造[J];江苏警官学院学报;2004年05期
5 裴赞芬;;中国传统继承制度的近代嬗变——以民国时期河北高等法院档案为例[J];河北学刊;2007年03期
6 徐静莉;;民初司法判解中女性权利变化的总体趋势——以大理院亲属、继承判解为中心[J];山西师大学报(社会科学版);2008年02期
7 田成有;论国家制定法与民族习惯法的互补与对接[J];现代法学;1996年06期
8 陈宁英;;从《大清民律草案》“亲属”“继承”两编的界定看我国法律文化的近代转型[J];中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版);2005年06期
9 俞江;;继承领域内冲突格局的形成——近代中国的分家习惯与继承法移植[J];中国社会科学;2005年05期
10 郑永福;;清末民初家庭财产继承中的民事习惯[J];郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版);2007年05期
，本文编号：2498353
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/falvlunwen/falilunwen/2498353.html
