“天道”、“复仇”、“义”：《水浒传》正义思想探究
发布时间：2019-06-22 08:53
【摘要】：《水浒传》描述了梁山好汉在特定的历史条件下反抗不正义的制度、追求社会正义的种种故事,传达出他们在遭受强烈压制和不公平待遇的状态下对公平、正义的呼唤,反映了传统社会普通民众对于“正义”的追求。《水浒传》不只是一部优秀的古典小说,更是一部关于正义的教科书。本文试着从法哲学的维度来分析和审视《水浒传》,考察其中蕴涵的中国传统正义思想。 从全书看,《水浒传》表达的正义主要有三种形式：作为判断正义最高依据的“天道”,作为正义人性基础的“复仇”,以及介于两者之间、调和最高正义与基础性正义的“义”。众所周知,“天道”是中国古代哲学的重要范畴,儒、道、墨等诸家学说都把其归结为一个不可超越的、终极性的存在,它是不能违背的,凡事都要遵循“天道”的指引。《水浒传》以融合了诸家天道思想的“替天行道”为内容主旨,充分展现了“天道”的正义内涵。与“天道”相同,“复仇”也是《水浒传》的重要主题。《水浒传》之所以花大量的篇幅描述复仇,是因为它与正义紧密相关,体现了正义的人性基础,是其表达正义的另一重要形式。在“天道”与“复仇”之外,作者还向读者们展现了“义”这中国传统文化的重要范畴。在《水浒传》中,“义”是联结梁山好汉的精神纽带,具体体现为“打抱不平”、“仗义疏财”、“患难与共”等诸多内容。“义”非为别物,它实际上也是“正义”的重要组成成分之一,其实质是我国传统思想中正义观念的集中展现。 从更深层次上看,《水浒传》的思想意蕴也反应了中国古代的人们对正义的探索、对制度的追问以及对价值的思考。全书以招安为界,可分为前后两个部分。前一部分描写梁山英雄的反抗,宣扬的主要思想是：在不正义的体制下,人们的反抗是合理的、正当的；后一部分描写梁山英雄招安之后为朝廷卖命,转而镇压其他起义者,其行为的性质发生了转化,即由正义转化为非正义,这也为梁山好汉的最终命运埋下了伏笔,揭示了其悲剧性命运的终极根源,它宣扬了这样的正义观：为不正以张目即为非正义。 结论部分略述了《水浒传》所探索的正义思想的意义与局限,对全文进行了总结。
[Abstract]:The Outlaws of the Marsh describes the stories of Liang Shan heroes rebelling against injustice under specific historical conditions and pursuing social justice, conveys their call for fairness and justice under the condition of strong repression and unfair treatment, and reflects the pursuit of justice by ordinary people in traditional society. Margin is not only an excellent classical novel, but also a textbook about justice. This paper tries to analyze and examine the Outlaws of the Marsh from the perspective of philosophy of law, and to investigate the traditional Chinese justice thought contained in it. From the point of view of the whole book, there are three main forms of justice expressed in Outlaws of the Marsh: "Heaven Tao", which is the highest basis for judging justice, "revenge", which is the basis of human nature of justice, and "righteousness", which harmonizes the highest justice and the basic justice between the two. As we all know, "Tiandao" is an important category of ancient Chinese philosophy. Confucianism, Taoism, Mo and other theories all attribute it to an insurmountable and ultimate existence, which can not be violated, and everything should follow the guidance of "Tiandao". The Water margin takes the "substitute for Heaven" as the main purpose of integrating the thoughts of Heaven and Tao, and fully shows the just connotation of "Heaven Tao". Like Tiandao, revenge is also an important theme of the Water margin. The reason why the Water margin devotes a lot of space to describe revenge is because it is closely related to justice, embodies the human nature foundation of justice, and is another important form of its expression of justice. In addition to Tiandao and vengeance, the author also shows readers the important category of "righteousness", which is an important category of Chinese traditional culture. In the Outlaws of the Marsh, "righteousness" is the spiritual link connecting Liangshan heroes, which is embodied in many contents, such as "fighting injustice", "saving justice and sparing wealth", "sharing weal and woe" and so on. "righteousness" is not something else, but it is actually one of the important components of "justice". Its essence is the concentrated display of the concept of justice in the traditional thought of our country. From a deeper point of view, the ideological implication of the Water margin also reflects the ancient Chinese people's exploration of justice, the inquiry of the system and the thinking of value. The book is bounded by Zhaoan and can be divided into two parts. The first part describes the resistance of Liang Shan heroes, and the main ideas advocated are: under the unjust system, people's resistance is reasonable and legitimate; The latter part describes Liang Shan hero Zhaoan after working for the court, turning to suppress other insurgents, the nature of his behavior has been transformed, that is, from justice to injustice, which also lays the groundwork for the final fate of Liangshan hero, reveals the ultimate root of his tragic fate, it preaches such a view of justice: in order not to take Zhang's eyes as injustice. The conclusion part briefly describes the significance and limitation of the justice thought explored in Outlaws of the Marsh, and summarizes the full text.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2
本文编号：2504421
[Abstract]:The Outlaws of the Marsh describes the stories of Liang Shan heroes rebelling against injustice under specific historical conditions and pursuing social justice, conveys their call for fairness and justice under the condition of strong repression and unfair treatment, and reflects the pursuit of justice by ordinary people in traditional society. Margin is not only an excellent classical novel, but also a textbook about justice. This paper tries to analyze and examine the Outlaws of the Marsh from the perspective of philosophy of law, and to investigate the traditional Chinese justice thought contained in it. From the point of view of the whole book, there are three main forms of justice expressed in Outlaws of the Marsh: "Heaven Tao", which is the highest basis for judging justice, "revenge", which is the basis of human nature of justice, and "righteousness", which harmonizes the highest justice and the basic justice between the two. As we all know, "Tiandao" is an important category of ancient Chinese philosophy. Confucianism, Taoism, Mo and other theories all attribute it to an insurmountable and ultimate existence, which can not be violated, and everything should follow the guidance of "Tiandao". The Water margin takes the "substitute for Heaven" as the main purpose of integrating the thoughts of Heaven and Tao, and fully shows the just connotation of "Heaven Tao". Like Tiandao, revenge is also an important theme of the Water margin. The reason why the Water margin devotes a lot of space to describe revenge is because it is closely related to justice, embodies the human nature foundation of justice, and is another important form of its expression of justice. In addition to Tiandao and vengeance, the author also shows readers the important category of "righteousness", which is an important category of Chinese traditional culture. In the Outlaws of the Marsh, "righteousness" is the spiritual link connecting Liangshan heroes, which is embodied in many contents, such as "fighting injustice", "saving justice and sparing wealth", "sharing weal and woe" and so on. "righteousness" is not something else, but it is actually one of the important components of "justice". Its essence is the concentrated display of the concept of justice in the traditional thought of our country. From a deeper point of view, the ideological implication of the Water margin also reflects the ancient Chinese people's exploration of justice, the inquiry of the system and the thinking of value. The book is bounded by Zhaoan and can be divided into two parts. The first part describes the resistance of Liang Shan heroes, and the main ideas advocated are: under the unjust system, people's resistance is reasonable and legitimate; The latter part describes Liang Shan hero Zhaoan after working for the court, turning to suppress other insurgents, the nature of his behavior has been transformed, that is, from justice to injustice, which also lays the groundwork for the final fate of Liangshan hero, reveals the ultimate root of his tragic fate, it preaches such a view of justice: in order not to take Zhang's eyes as injustice. The conclusion part briefly describes the significance and limitation of the justice thought explored in Outlaws of the Marsh, and summarizes the full text.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2
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