马克思私法观在中国的发展

发布时间：2019-07-06 19:29

【摘要】：马克思私法观的产生是西方私法史上的重大发现，甚至可被视为法律史上的一次革命。它从唯物主义历史观和辩证法的视角，对私法的本质与起源、法与经济基础等内容进行了哲学分析和阐述。马克思在其一系列著作中，对罗马法和近代私法进行了深入探讨。在自己的研究中，马克思最关注的是罗马私法对于简单商品社会的规定，期能以此找到市民社会与私法和谐统一的关节点，最终使一般的私法观与社会主义国家构想相吻合。马克思的这种做法，无疑召唤了不少其理论的信仰者，循着他的思想轨迹，继续进行探索，为马克思主义私法思想的发展作出了重大贡献。应当承认，在中国，由于种种原因，马克思私法观的宣传和发展相对缓慢，取得的成果较少。这一局面在改革开放之后被打破，由于时代的需要，国家建设重新回归到“以经济建设为中心”这条主线上来，马克思私法观得到了很好的阐发，至于在今天，其发展更是出现了方兴未艾的局面。为什么会取得上述成绩？除了我国是社会主义国家，对马克思主义理论的研究是题中之义外，还与以下原因有着紧密的关系：第一，治国模式的革新。随着社会主义建设新时期的到来，我国呈现出社会与国家逐渐分离的状况，这既为私法的适用提供了广阔的空间，又对私法的研究提出了现实的要求。第二，市民社会的发育。我国的市民社会不断壮大，这为私法的适用和研究提供了越来越充分的条件。第三，国家权力的被制衡。由于国家权力不再是无处不在、无所不为，这就使得相对公法，私法的适用和研究越来越受到人们的重视。当然，由于多种原因，如中国离“小政府、大社会”这种理想的治理方式还有相当的距离，又如某些人甚至还持具私法理论在马克思恩格斯建构的科学体系中并没占据重要的位置的观点，等等。在当代中国，，人们在私法尤其是马克思私法观的研究上还存在着很大的不足和缺陷，但惟其如此，方需要人们去努力探索，充分揭示社会主义初级阶段的意蕴，不断消除“谈私色变”的现象；深入研究市场经济与市民社会，为阐明私法的合理性提供现实依据；正确区分公共权力与公民权利，使私法的制定和适用成为社会共识；去除传统法律观念的消极影响，使公民得能成为法律本位。
[Abstract]:The emergence of Marx's view of private law is an important discovery in the history of western private law, and can even be regarded as a revolution in the history of law. From the perspective of materialist historical view and dialectics, it makes a philosophical analysis and exposition of the essence and origin, law and economic base of private law. In a series of works, Marx deeply discussed Roman law and modern private law. In his own research, Marx is most concerned about the provisions of Roman private law on simple commodity society, hoping to find the node of harmonious unity between civil society and private law, and finally make the general view of private law consistent with the conception of socialist country. Marx's practice undoubtedly summoned many followers of his theory, followed his ideological track, continued to explore, and made great contributions to the development of Marxist private law thought. It should be admitted that in China, for various reasons, the propaganda and development of Marx's view of private law is relatively slow and less achievements have been made. This situation was broken after the reform and opening up. Due to the needs of the times, the national construction returned to the main line of "economic construction as the center". Marx's view of private law has been well expounded, and today, his development is in the ascendant. Why have you achieved the above achievements? In addition to our country is a socialist country, the study of Marxist theory is not only the meaning of the topic, but also has a close relationship with the following reasons: first, the innovation of the model of governing the country. With the advent of the new period of socialist construction, China presents a gradual separation of society and the state, which not only provides a broad space for the application of private law, but also puts forward realistic requirements for the study of private law. Second, the development of civil society. The civil society of our country is growing, which provides more and more sufficient conditions for the application and research of private law. Third, the checks and balances of state power. Because the state power is no longer ubiquitous and does everything, people pay more and more attention to the application and research of relative public law and private law. Of course, for many reasons, such as China is still quite far from the ideal way of governance of "small government, big society", and some people even hold the view that private law theory does not occupy an important position in the scientific system constructed by Marx and Engels, and so on. In contemporary China, there are still great shortcomings and defects in the study of private law, especially Marx's view of private law, but only in this way, people need to try their best to explore, fully reveal the meaning of the primary stage of socialism, constantly eliminate the phenomenon of "talking about private color change", deeply study the market economy and civil society, and provide a realistic basis for expounding the rationality of private law. The correct distinction between public power and civil rights makes the formulation and application of private law a social consensus, and removes the negative influence of traditional legal concepts so that citizens can become the legal standard.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.1

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