日本地方立法的范围与界限及其对我国的启示
发布时间：2019-07-08 15:11
【摘要】：对于日本地方公共团体的立法,可从范围与界限两方面加以认识。就其范围而言,一方面,《地方自治法》采取了"自治事务"与"法定受托事务"的二分法,重构了地方立法的事务领域,且伴随着地方分权改革的推行,地方立法的事务领域有扩大化的倾向;另一方面,虽然宪法规定了关于财产权内容、罚则以及课税方面的法律保留原则,但主流学说并不排斥通过地方立法予以规定。就其界限而言,一方面,地方立法必须符合宪法对基本人权的保障;另一方面,关于地方立法是否违反上位法的判断标准,存在"法律先占论"与"最低国法论"的观点对立。通过描摹日本地方立法的范围与界限,可以为我国设区的市地方性法规的事务领域、地方性法规与法律保留原则的关系、地方性法规是否抵触上位法的判断标准等问题提供启发。
[Abstract]:The legislation of local public groups in Japan can be recognized from both the scope and the boundary. On the one hand, on the one hand, the local self-government has taken the dichotomy of the "self-government affairs" and the "Legal entrusted affair" to reconstruct the affairs of the local legislation, and with the implementation of the local decentralization reform, the area of the affairs of the local legislation has the tendency to be expanded; on the other hand, While the Constitution provides for the principle of the law on property rights, penalties and taxation, the mainstream doctrine does not exclude the passage of local legislation. On the one hand, on the one hand, local legislation must be in line with the Constitution's guarantee of basic human rights; on the other hand, there is a contradiction between the "the first-of-law of law" and the "the theory of the minimum state law" on whether local legislation is in violation of the judgement of the upper law. By tracing the scope and the limit of the local legislation in Japan, it can provide the inspiration for the local regulations of the city, the relationship between the local regulations and the laws, and whether the local laws and regulations are in conflict with the judgment standard of the upper-level law.
【作者单位】： 厦门大学法学院;
【基金】：2015年度福建省社科规划项目青年项目“《立法法》修改后福建省较大的市地方性法规合法性审查标准研究”(项目批准号:FJ2015C034)的成果
【分类号】：D931.3;DD911
[Abstract]:The legislation of local public groups in Japan can be recognized from both the scope and the boundary. On the one hand, on the one hand, the local self-government has taken the dichotomy of the "self-government affairs" and the "Legal entrusted affair" to reconstruct the affairs of the local legislation, and with the implementation of the local decentralization reform, the area of the affairs of the local legislation has the tendency to be expanded; on the other hand, While the Constitution provides for the principle of the law on property rights, penalties and taxation, the mainstream doctrine does not exclude the passage of local legislation. On the one hand, on the one hand, local legislation must be in line with the Constitution's guarantee of basic human rights; on the other hand, there is a contradiction between the "the first-of-law of law" and the "the theory of the minimum state law" on whether local legislation is in violation of the judgement of the upper law. By tracing the scope and the limit of the local legislation in Japan, it can provide the inspiration for the local regulations of the city, the relationship between the local regulations and the laws, and whether the local laws and regulations are in conflict with the judgment standard of the upper-level law.
【作者单位】： 厦门大学法学院;
【基金】：2015年度福建省社科规划项目青年项目“《立法法》修改后福建省较大的市地方性法规合法性审查标准研究”(项目批准号:FJ2015C034)的成果
【分类号】：D931.3;DD911
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