美国高等教育《平权法案》的衰落
发布时间：2025-01-01 02:45
《平权法案》又称《肯定性行动》,《积极行动》,致力于消除二十世纪六十年代中期以来少数族裔就业、教育和其他方面受到歧视造成的影响,自颁布以来便引起广泛讨论乃至争论。本文运用历史研究和文本分析的方法,着眼于《平权法案》在高等教育方面的发展,力图证明其逐渐衰落的状态。本文总共分六部分。引言部分简要说明了《平权法案》的起源和发展、进行了相关文献综述回顾、介绍了研究方法和内容分布。第一章分析了政策本身具有争议的部分,主要是对于公平概念的分歧和以族裔和阶级作为划分标准的讨论。第二章分析了不同政府的政策态度和调整方向。第三章论述探究了亚裔美国人和非裔美国人内部的不同观点,反映了人们对平权法案渐渐堆积的不满。第四章描述了美国最高法院对相关案件的判决,展现了决策走向变化。基于政府和民间对平权法案的支持不断减少、最高法院要求的施行标准愈加严格,最后的总结部分证明平权法案发展今在教育领域处在衰落状态。公正和平等都无法有着绝对的定义。对一群人同情就是对其他人的歧视。《平权法案》失去种族的色彩之时,这一政策的使命便已完成。
【文章页数】：63 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Chapter One Policy Itself: a Highly Controversial and Paradoxical Plan
1.1 Discrepant Belief on Equality
1.2 Race, Ethnics and Class as Imperfect Criterion
Chapter Two Political Climate: Stricter Attitude
2.1 Ronald Reagan’s Neo-Conservatism: Reduction of Government Investment
2.2 Bill Clinton’s Dilemma: Mend It, Do Not End It
2.3 George W. Bush’s Annulment: Abolish the Policy During His Governorship
Chapter Three Prevailing Negative Views from Different Sides…
3.1 Asian Americans: Forgotten Ones
3.2 African American: Self-Doubt and Self-Verification
Chapter Four Supreme Court’s More Cautious Attitude and Decision
4.1 Hopwood v. Texas (5th Cir. 1996): Refused to Review and Postponed Sanction toFuture
4.2 Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003): Denied Quotas andFavored Individualized Diversity with Narrowly Tailored Standard
4.3 Fisher v. University of Texas (2013) and Fisher v. University of Texas (2016):Reviewed on Fifth Cir.’s Trail
Conclusion
Works Cited
本文编号：4021935
【文章页数】：63 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Chapter One Policy Itself: a Highly Controversial and Paradoxical Plan
1.1 Discrepant Belief on Equality
1.2 Race, Ethnics and Class as Imperfect Criterion
Chapter Two Political Climate: Stricter Attitude
2.1 Ronald Reagan’s Neo-Conservatism: Reduction of Government Investment
2.2 Bill Clinton’s Dilemma: Mend It, Do Not End It
2.3 George W. Bush’s Annulment: Abolish the Policy During His Governorship
Chapter Three Prevailing Negative Views from Different Sides…
3.1 Asian Americans: Forgotten Ones
3.2 African American: Self-Doubt and Self-Verification
Chapter Four Supreme Court’s More Cautious Attitude and Decision
4.1 Hopwood v. Texas (5th Cir. 1996): Refused to Review and Postponed Sanction toFuture
4.2 Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003): Denied Quotas andFavored Individualized Diversity with Narrowly Tailored Standard
4.3 Fisher v. University of Texas (2013) and Fisher v. University of Texas (2016):Reviewed on Fifth Cir.’s Trail
Conclusion
Works Cited
本文编号：4021935
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