认知综合测试法检测无辜知情者效度研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 20:42

本文关键词： 心理测试技术认知综合测试法无辜知情者测试效度　出处：《甘肃政法学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：心理测试技术从无到有,从理论研究到实验室研究,再到实践应用,历经了一个曲折而艰辛的发展历程。这项技术自产生以来,国内外专家学者提出并应用于实际测试的方法有很多,而不同的测试方法对于甄别作案者和无辜者的测试效度也不尽相同。目前,心理测试技术的测试方法大致可分为以下三类:一类是准绳问题测试法(Control question test,简称CQT),[1]该测试方法主要以被测人对准绳问题和相关问题的反应强度进行比较,进而评判被测人在相关问题上是否说谎并作为被测人是否涉案的依据。研究发现,该测试方法不仅能使有罪的被测人在与案情相关问题上产生异常生理反应,而且能够使无辜知情者也同样产生异常生理反应,从而导致假阳性的发生。另一类是犯罪情节测试法(Guilty knowledge test,简称GKT,[2]又被称为隐藏信息测试法(Concealed information test,简称CIT)。[3]该测试法系检测被测人是否知道有关案件情况的犯罪情节测试,即对相关问题是否具有认知,以此作为被测人是否涉案的依据。但是,研究发现,有些无辜者会通过不同途径和方式不同程度地获悉与案件有关的信息,从而在目标问题(相关问题或关键问题)上也会产生相应的心理生物反应,造成假阳性测试结果,将其误判为作案者。第三类测试方法是认知综合测试法(Cognitive comprehensive test,简称CCT)。[4]该测试方法通过武伯欣、范刚等人经过近千起实案测试的应用,对准确鉴别作案者、涉案知情者、无辜者和无辜知情者等不同案件角色显现出良好的实案测试效果,弥补了准绳问题测试法及犯罪情节测试法的不足。然而,认知综合测试法检测无辜知情者的测试效度尚缺乏相应实验室研究的支持。因此,本研究在实验室情境下,采用模拟盗窃范式及模拟行受贿范式,应用认知综合测试法编制测试题作为测试材料,考察认知综合测试法检测作案组被试和无辜知情组被试的测试准确率及其图谱特征,进而分析和评判认知综合测试法检测无辜知情者的测试效度,以进一步验证认知综合测试法的科学性、可靠性和准确性。本研究得到以下研究结果:1.认知综合测试法能够有效地鉴别出作案组、无辜阅读组、无辜听说组的被试,对三组案件角色的测试准确率均高于85%。2.作案组被试对目标问题的皮肤电反应强度及综合评分均显著高于无辜阅读组和无辜听说组被试;3.无辜阅读组被试在目标问题上的皮肤电反应强度及综合评分均显著高于无辜听说组被试。
[Abstract]:Psychological testing technology from scratch, from theoretical research to laboratory research, and then to practical application, has undergone a tortuous and arduous development process. Experts and scholars at home and abroad put forward and applied to the actual testing methods have many, and different testing methods for the identification of perpetrators and innocent people test validity is not the same. At present. The testing methods of psychological test technology can be roughly divided into the following three categories: one is the criterion problem test method and control question test, or CQT test, [1. This test method mainly compares the response intensity of the subjects to the yardstick problem and the related problem, and then judges whether the subject person is lying on the related problem and serves as the basis of whether the subject person is involved in the case. The test method can not only make the guilty subjects produce abnormal physiological reaction on the problems related to the circumstances of the case, but also make the innocent informants produce abnormal physiological reactions. This leads to false positives. The other is the crime scenario test, called Guilty knowledge test, or GKT. [Also known as hidden information test, Concealed information test. [3] the test law system detects whether the subject person knows the circumstances of the crime in the case, that is, whether he has a knowledge of the relevant question, as the basis of whether the subject person is involved. However, the study found. Some innocent people receive information related to the case in different ways and in different ways, thus generating corresponding psycho-biological responses on target issues (related or critical issues). The third kind of test method is Cognitive comprehensive test (Cognitive comprehensive test). Short for CCT. [Through the application of Wu Boxin, Fan Gang and others through nearly 1000 actual cases, this test method can accurately identify the perpetrators and those who are involved in the case. Innocent and innocent informants and other different role cases show a good test effect of the actual case, make up for the standard problem test method and the lack of crime circumstances test method. However. The validity of cognitive comprehensive test for the detection of innocent informants is not supported by the corresponding laboratory research. Therefore, this study adopts simulated theft paradigm and simulated bribery paradigm in the laboratory context. The cognitive comprehensive test method was used to compile the test questions as the test material to investigate the accuracy of the test and the characteristics of the map of the guilty group and the innocent and informed group. Furthermore, the validity of the cognitive comprehensive test method is analyzed and evaluated to further verify the scientific nature of the cognitive comprehensive test method. Reliability and accuracy. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Cognitive comprehensive test can effectively identify the guilty group, innocent reading group, innocent listening and speaking group. 2. The accuracy of testing the role of the three cases was higher than that of 85.2.The skin electrical reaction intensity and the comprehensive score of the target problem in the crime group were significantly higher than those in the innocent reading group and the innocent listening and speaking group. 3. The skin electrical response intensity and comprehensive score of innocent reading group were significantly higher than that of innocent listening and speaking group.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D918

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