法理学视域下公安机关司法鉴定制度重构研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 05:51

本文选题：法理学 + 公安机关　；参考：《哈尔滨商业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：公安机关的司法鉴定作为一项证明活动,其产生的鉴定意见或鉴定结论能够直接为诉讼裁判提供证据,影响裁判的质量,甚至在某些情况下对整个案件的公正审判起到了决定性的作用。但不论是在理论研究领域,还是在实际运行中的实践领域,关于公安机关司法鉴定和公安机关司法鉴定制度的争议和问题始终存在。这些问题不仅阻碍了公安机关司法鉴定制度的发展,最终也影响了司法公正的实现和司法改革的进程。因此,从研究公安机关司法鉴定的法理学基础理论的本源性问题出发,探求解决现实问题的办法,探索一条符合中国实际国情的改革和创新之路,是摆在当今公安机关司法鉴定制度改革面前一个迫切而又现实的要求。长久以来,对于我国司法鉴定制度进行理论研究和实证改革探讨的学者颇多,逐渐形成了统一的系统化的研究成果。但对于公安机关司法鉴定制度这一特殊研究对象,国内外的学者却仅在“公安司法鉴定与刑事科学鉴定的异同”、“公安机关是否存在‘自侦自鉴’问题”、“公安机关内部是否应设立司法鉴定机构”等表面的现象问题上进行争论,却忽视对公安机关司法鉴定的理论本质问题进行分析,这也是造成学理不清、争议不停的重要原因。分析公安机关司法鉴定的法理学价值,探讨在效率、正义、秩序、民主、理性价值取向下公安机关司法鉴定的应然状态,不仅是开展其他理论、实证研究的基础,更为构建理想公安司法鉴定制度提供指导依据。同时,通过实证调查研究,分析现行公安司法鉴定制度的现状,从鉴定人、鉴定机构、鉴定流程、鉴定监督等方面对其内部存在的问题进行深刻剖析。同时通过对国外警察机构内部设置的司法鉴定机构体制和运行制度进行比较研究和对本国改革试点省份的先进经验分析后,我们可以得到指导现实改革的成功范例和三条指导性原则。基于此,提出了推进专门立法、加强公安机关司法鉴定机构的去行政化、完善公安机关司法鉴定的程序控制和管理制度等解决问题的办法,辩证才能施治,以期抛砖引玉,得到大家的共鸣和认可。
[Abstract]:The judicial identification of public security organs as a proof activity, its appraisal opinion or conclusion can directly provide evidence for the judge of the lawsuit and affect the quality of the judge. Even in some cases a fair trial of the whole case played a decisive role. However, whether in the field of theoretical research or in the practical field of practice, there are always disputes and problems concerning the judicial identification of public security organs and the system of judicial identification of public security organs. These problems not only hinder the development of the judicial identification system of public security organs, but also affect the realization of judicial justice and the process of judicial reform. Therefore, starting from the study of the origin of the basic theory of jurisprudence in the judicial expertise of public security organs, we should explore the solutions to the practical problems and explore a road of reform and innovation that conforms to China's actual national conditions. It is an urgent and realistic requirement for the reform of the judicial appraisal system of the public security organs. For a long time, many scholars have made theoretical research and empirical reform on the system of judicial expertise in China, and gradually formed a unified systematic research results. However, for the special research object of the system of judicial identification of public security organs, scholars at home and abroad are only in "similarities and differences between judicial identification of public security and criminal scientific identification" and "whether there is a problem of 'self-detection and self-identification' in public security organs". It is an important reason that the theoretical essence of judicial expertise of public security organs is analyzed, which is also an important reason for the confusion of academic theory and the non-stop controversy of the phenomenon of "whether or not to set up judicial expertise in public security organs" and other superficial phenomena, but neglects the analysis of the theoretical essence of judicial expertise in public security organs. To analyze the juristic value of judicial expertise of public security organs, to explore the necessary state of judicial expertise of public security organs under the value orientation of efficiency, justice, order, democracy and rationality is not only the basis of carrying out other theories and empirical studies. More ideal public security judicial identification system to provide guidance basis. At the same time, through the empirical investigation and research, this paper analyzes the present situation of the current public security judicial identification system, and deeply analyzes its internal problems from the aspects of the appraiser, the appraisal organization, the appraisal process, the appraisal supervision and so on. At the same time, through a comparative study of the system and operation system of judicial expertise institutions set up within foreign police agencies and an analysis of the advanced experience of the pilot provinces in China's reform, We can get successful examples and three guiding principles to guide real reform. Based on this, this paper puts forward some solutions to solve the problems, such as promoting special legislation, strengthening the deadministration of public security organs' judicial expertise institutions, perfecting the procedural control and management system of public security organs' judicial expertise, and so on, so that they can be dealt with dialectically, with a view to throwing bricks at the ground, To get everyone's resonance and recognition.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D918.9

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