我国户籍制度的功能及其变迁研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 20:49

本文选题：户籍制度的功能 + 功能变迁　；参考：《中央民族大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文对我国户籍制度的功能及其变迁进行了深入研究。我国现存户籍制度的功能包括人口登记功能、社会管理功能、限制人口迁移功能以及附加的福利分配功能。人口登记功能包括常住和暂住人口登记、出生和死亡登记、迁移登记和变更更正登记等内容。社会管理功能主要是户籍制度在建国初期镇压反革命和维护新生人民政权的功能、防范和打击违法犯罪活动的功能和为政府部门的经济社会管理活动提供人口统计数据资料的功能。限制人口迁移功能以及附加的福利分配功能是我国现存户籍制度最显著的功能特点。虽然在一定的历史时期,户籍制度的这些功能曾经对国家的发展起到了积极作用,但是随着时代的进步,户籍制度这些功能对经济发展的负面作用日益明显。户籍制度限制人口自由迁移的功能和附加的福利分配功能阻碍我国城市化的进程和现代化的发展,阻碍城乡二元结构的融合；违背市场经济的要求,阻碍社会主义市场经济的发展和完善；妨碍我国劳动力资源的优化配置,损害了经济效率；还导致户籍制度的本原功能——人口登记管理和提供人口统计数据资料的功能得不到有效发挥。现存户籍制度功能的负面效果远大于其正面效果,所以必须实现户籍制度功能的转变。户籍制度功能变迁的总体方向是逐步取消限制人口自由迁移的功能、逐步剥离附加的福利分配功能以及增强人口登记管理功能和为政府开展经济社会管理提供人口统计数据资料的功能。户籍制度功能变迁既有客观动因,又有利益主体的主观动力,还有一些有利条件的支持,因而是可能实现的。户籍制度功能的变迁需要遵循一定的路径,限制人口迁移功能的变迁路径大致是近期逐步降低外来人口落户城市的准入条件,远期实现人口自由迁移。附加福利分配功能的变迁路径是近期消除在就业和教育等方面对外来人口的歧视,扩大城市社会保障的覆盖面,远期剥离户籍制度的福利分配功能,建立起全国城乡统一的社会福利保障制度。人口登记管理和提供人口统计数据资料功能的变迁路径是近期统一户籍管理机构,完善户籍登记工作,远期建立完善的国家人口信息管理系统。新户籍制度功能将实现限制人口迁移功能的取消、福利分配功能的剥离、人口登记管理和提供人口统计数据资料功能的还原和加强。户籍制度功能变迁的实现将会带来很大的经济效益,有利于加快城镇化和现代化,缩小城乡差距和贫富差距,提高经济效率和促进资源优化配置。促进户籍制度功能变迁的实现还需要一定的保障条件和措施。本文综合采用了多种研究方法,包括文献资料综合分析法、比较分析法、理论与实践相结合的研究方法等。
[Abstract]:This article has carried on the thorough research to our country household registration system function and its vicissitude. The functions of the existing household registration system in China include population registration function, social management function, restriction of population migration function and additional welfare distribution function. The functions of population registration include permanent and temporary residence registration, birth and death registration, migration registration and modification registration. The function of social management is mainly the function of the household registration system to suppress counter-revolution and safeguard the new-born people's political power in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. The functions of preventing and cracking down on illegal and criminal activities and providing demographic data for the economic and social management activities of government departments. Restricting the function of population migration and additional function of welfare distribution are the most remarkable features of the existing household registration system in China. Although these functions of the household registration system have played a positive role in the development of the country in a certain historical period, with the progress of the times, the negative effects of these functions of the household registration system on the economic development have become increasingly obvious. The function of the household registration system which restricts the free migration of population and the additional function of welfare distribution hinders the development of urbanization and modernization of our country, hinders the integration of urban and rural dual structure, and runs counter to the requirements of the market economy. It hinders the development and perfection of socialist market economy, hinders the optimal allocation of labor resources, and damages economic efficiency. It also causes the original function of the household registration system-the management of population registration and the function of providing demographic data. The negative effect of the existing household registration system function is far greater than its positive effect, so it is necessary to realize the transformation of the household registration system function. The overall direction of the functional changes of the household registration system is to gradually abolish the function of restricting the free migration of the population. Gradually divest the additional function of welfare distribution and enhance the function of population registration management and the function of providing demographic data for the government to carry out economic and social management. The function change of household registration system has both objective motivation, subjective motive force of the main body of interest and the support of some favorable conditions, so it is possible to realize. The change of the function of household registration system needs to follow a certain path, and the transition path of restricting the function of population migration is to reduce gradually the entry conditions of the immigrant population to settle in the city in the near future, and to realize the free migration of the population in the long run. The transition path of the additional welfare distribution function is to eliminate the discrimination against the foreign population in employment and education in the near future, to expand the coverage of urban social security, and to divest the welfare distribution function of the household registration system in the long term. We will establish a nationwide unified social welfare security system for urban and rural areas. The changing path of the function of population registration management and the function of providing demographic data is to unify the household registration organization, perfect the household registration work and establish a perfect national population information management system in the near future. The function of the new household registration system will realize the cancellation of the function of restricting population migration, the divestiture of the function of welfare distribution, the restoration and strengthening of the functions of population registration management and the provision of demographic data. The realization of the function change of household registration system will bring great economic benefits, which will help to speed up urbanization and modernization, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and the gap between rich and poor, improve economic efficiency and promote the optimal allocation of resources. To promote the realization of the function change of household registration system, it also needs certain safeguard conditions and measures. In this paper, a variety of research methods are used, including comprehensive analysis of literature, comparative analysis, research methods combining theory with practice, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D631.42

【引证文献】