论中国指导性案例的性质和效力

发布时间：2018-01-19 18:21

本文关键词： 指导性案例司法解释判例事实上的约束力　出处：《北方工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：案例指导制度是我国司法审判活动中一次理论与实践的创新,但其创新并未超出我国目前的法制背景以及法律体系。推行案例指导制度其目的是为了弥补成文法的不足,维护国家的法制统一,实现社会的公平正义。自2011年12月20日公布第一批指导性案例以来,截止到2014年1月26日,最高人民法院已经相继公布了六批26个指导性案例。然而却很少被运用到司法实践中去,这主要是由于最高人民法院有关案例指导工作的《规定》比较笼统、模糊,对规定中的“类似案件”、“应当参照”等内容的理解容易让人产生疑问而且对指导性案例的实际运用也未作出具体的规定。因此,案例指导制度虽然己经发轫成行,但是在性质、效力、运用等方面存在诸多问题,使得指导性案例的实践运用受到很大的质疑和阻力。基于统一法律适用以及“同案同判”的法律诉求,对建立完善案例指导制度的必要性逐步达成共识。但是,一个根本性的问题浮现出来,即指导性案例的性质、效力该如何确定?性质问题是案例指导制度中一个十分重要的基础性理论问题。任何制度只有对其性质做出准确的定位,才能使该制度有的放矢,找准自己的位置,才可能使该制度实现自身的价值。指导性案例也不例外。本文主要选取司法解释说、判例过渡说以及法律适用说三种主流观点对指导性案例的性质进行探讨。关于我国指导性案例的效力问题,理论界和实务界也提出了不少建设性的意见。本文主要选取了三种主流观点对指导性案例的效力进行探讨,并对事实上约束力的可行性进行论证。性质和效力问题是讨论案例指导制度一切理论问题的基点,也是该项创新能否展现其魅力和顺利实施的症结所在。指导性案例的性质和效力也是本文论述的重点。
[Abstract]:Case guidance system is a theoretical and practical innovation in judicial activities in China. But its innovation does not exceed the current legal background and legal system of our country. The purpose of carrying out the case guidance system is to make up for the deficiency of statutory law and to maintain the unity of the legal system of the country. Since the publication of the first instructive cases on December 20th 2011, until January 26th 2014. The Supreme people's Court has published six batches of 26 guiding cases in succession. However, they are rarely used in judicial practice, which is mainly due to the general provisions of the Supreme people's Court on case guidance work. Vague, the provisions of the "similar cases", "should reference" and other content of the understanding is easy to question and the actual use of guiding cases do not make specific provisions. Although the system of case guidance has already been started, there are many problems in nature, effectiveness and application, which make the practice of guiding cases be greatly questioned and hindered. Based on the application of unified law and the legal appeal of "co-adjudication", the necessity of establishing and perfecting the case guidance system has gradually reached a consensus. However, a fundamental problem emerges. That is, the nature of the guiding case, how to determine the effectiveness? The nature problem is a very important fundamental theoretical problem in the case guidance system. Only when any system makes an accurate positioning of its nature, can the system be targeted and find its own position. It is possible to make the system realize its own value. Instructive cases are no exception. The theory of case transition and the theory of the application of the law are the three mainstream viewpoints to discuss the nature of the guiding cases. On the effectiveness of guiding cases in China. Theorists and practitioners also put forward a lot of constructive views. This paper mainly selects three mainstream views to explore the effectiveness of guiding cases. And the feasibility of the de facto binding force is demonstrated. The nature and effectiveness of the case guidance system is the basis of the discussion of all theoretical issues. It is also the crux of whether the innovation can show its charm and smooth implementation. The nature and effectiveness of the guiding case is also the focus of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D926.2

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