论社区矫正的目的

发布时间：2018-01-20 19:45

本文关键词： 社区矫正教育刑报应刑思想矫正行为管理　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：社区矫正(community correction,community-based correction),也称社会矫治或者社会处遇。它随着西方社会行刑社会化、个别化思潮的兴起,刑法谦抑主义、人道主义等理念深入人心,非犯罪化、非刑罚法、非监禁化从理论逐步变成现实,社区矫正正是在这个背景下逐步发展起来的。20世纪60年代,社区矫正制度在西方逐步兴盛起来。而在我国,过去一直没有“社区矫正”这个概念,但是中国古代的刑罚制度中,包含社区矫正的内容。建国以来,由于我国长期以来的重刑主义观念,社区矫正发展缓慢。直到20世纪末,随着监禁刑的弊端不断暴露,监狱中罪犯“交叉感染”严重,我国也开始了监狱行刑社会化的尝试,现代意义上的社区矫正工作也进入试点与探索阶段。由于传统文化、法律制度、社会环境等方面的不同,世界各国的社区矫正制度在法律规定与具体操作方面各不相同。比如,社区矫正的概念和制度在国外呈未确定、半开放状态,而我国虽然给出了“官方”的定义,但是在理论与实践的过程中也存在较大的争议。特别是关于社区矫正的目的方面,各国具体规定与侧重点也各不一样,世界范围内主要有三类观点：第一类观点是“思想矫正论”,认为矫正的目的是矫正犯罪人的思想等主观方面,使其彻底悔过自新,重新成为守法公民。具体表述有：矫正的目的在于改造犯罪人的犯罪思想、犯罪心理、道德标准、犯罪的主观构成等。第二类观点是“行为管理论”,认为矫正的目的是管理犯罪人的社会行为,使罪犯经过社区的管理在罪犯与社区之间建立一种稳固的联系,重新回归到社会生活中去。第三类观点认为矫正的目的在于矫正犯罪人的主观思想和犯罪人的行为相结合,从而实现罪犯的再社会化。本文在写作中尝试运用刑事一体化的分析思路,利用刑法学、犯罪学、监狱学、刑事政策学等学科的交流与融会,致力于对社区矫正制度目的的研究,同时利用比较研究的方法、价值分析的方法,对社区矫正目的的相关理论进行深入的研究与分析,并在此基础上对我国社区矫正目的的完善提出合理化建议。本文共分四章,每章的主要内容如下：第一章,“社区矫正概述”,比较系统地梳理了关于社区矫正的相关问题,包括社区矫正的概念、特点,社区矫正产生的经济根源、社会根源以及思想根源,社区矫正的价值,以及本文在写作过程中对社区矫正概念及其性质的研究定位。第二章,“以往的社区矫正目的理论”,阐述了以往社区矫正理论的三大主要观点,“思想矫正目的论”、“行为管理目的论”“二元目的论”对三大观点的具体主张及理论基础进行简要评价。第三章,“社区矫正的目的之重构”,将“行为管理目的论”定性为社区矫正的现实目的,并从“行为之养成、再犯之预防、可操作性之评估”等方面进行可行性分析；将“思想矫正目的论”定性为社区矫正的理想化目的,从其出发点的考量、现实性的评价等方面进行分析,具体包括“落实的手段、刑罚的功能、实践的效果及其可操行性等方面进行综合考察；最后,讨论二元目的论的结合关系。第四章,“我国社区矫正的目的定位”,首先简单回顾了我国社区矫正的发展历程,然后针对我国目前社区矫正目的在立法上的定位进行评价,最后对我国社区矫正目的的完善提出了合理化的建议,具体包括完善社区矫正立法、建立分类管理制度、注重社区自身建设、设立解除监禁的客观化标准以及成立第三方监管机构等措施。
[Abstract]:Community correction (community correction, community-based correction), also known as social correction or social place. It is with the western social socialization, the rise of the individual thought, the modesty of the criminal law, the concept of popular humanitarian, non criminal, non penalty, non imprisonment from theory gradually become a reality, the community correction is gradually developed in the context of the.20 century in 60s, the community correction system in the west gradually flourished. But in China, there has been no "community correction" of the concept, but Chinese ancient penal system, including the content of community corrections. Since the founding of new China, because China's long-term heavy penalty doctrine, community correction slow development. Until the end of twentieth Century, along with exposing malpractice of imprisonment, the Prison Criminals "cross infection", our country has also started the socialization of prison execution In the modern sense, the community correction work has also entered the stage of pilot and exploration.
Because of the traditional culture, legal system, social environment and other aspects of the different countries in the world, the community correction system in the legal provisions and the specific operation vary. For example, the concept and system of community correction in foreign countries is not determined, half open, although China is the "official" definition, but also exist the controversy in theory and practice. Especially on the community correction purposes, country specific regulations and emphases are different in the world, there are mainly three kinds of Views: the first view is "thought correction theory", that is the purpose of correction thought of the subjective aspects of the offender, the it completely to become law-abiding citizens. Repent and start anew, the specific expression of the purpose of the correction is to reform the criminal thoughts, criminal psychology, moral standard, subjective criminal constitution. The second view is "Behavior management theory", that is the purpose of correction of social behavior management of criminals, the criminals through community management between criminals and community to establish a solid relationship, return to social life. The third view is that the purpose of correction is to correct subjective thought and behavior of crime people. Combined, so as to realize the re socialization of criminals. This paper attempts to use the analytical methods of criminal integration, the use of criminal law, criminology, penology, exchange and integration of criminal policy science, devoted to the research purpose of the community correction system, and using the method of comparative study, the method of value analysis of deep study and Analysis on the related theories of community correction purposes, and on this basis put forward reasonable suggestions for perfecting the purpose of community correction.
This article is divided into four chapters. The main contents of each chapter are as follows:
The first chapter, "overview of community correction", systematically analyzes relevant problems about the characteristics of community correction, including the concept of community correction, community correction, economic causes, social causes and ideological roots, the value of community correction, and in the writing of localization of community correction concept and nature. In the process of the second chapter, "the purpose of community correction theory, expounded the theory of community correction before the three main views," thought correction teleology "," behavior management teleology "," two yuan teleology "on the three view of concrete proposals and theoretical basis of brief evaluation. Chapter third," Reconstruction "of the community the purpose of correction, the" behavior management teleology "objective reality as community correction, and from the form of" behavior, recidivism prevention, operability evaluation and other aspects of the feasibility analysis Will; "thought correction teleology" for the purpose of qualitative ideal of community correction, from the starting point of consideration, practical evaluation and other aspects of analysis, including the "implementation method, penalty function, practical effect and can conduct such comprehensive investigation; finally, discusses the relationship between two yuan the purpose of the fourth chapter," the purpose of "community correction in China, reviews the development process of China's community correction, and then for the present purpose of community correction in the localization of legislation evaluation, finally gave some suggestions about the perfection of community correction purposes, including improving community correction legislation, the establishment of classified management system, focus on community construction, objective standard set up custody and establish the third party supervision mechanism and other measures.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.8

【参考文献】