公证核实权探究

发布时间：2018-02-01 15:08

本文关键词： 委托核实实质审查法律真实　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公证是公证机构根据自然人、法人或者其他组织的申请,依照法定程序对民事法律行为、有法律意义的事实和文书的真实性、合法性予以证明的活动。1在公证活动中,证明是公证最基本、最核心的内容。国家为了保障公证证明的质量,提高公证文书的公信力,在公证法律制度中规定了公证机构的审查程序。随着市场经济的深入发展,国家对公证审查程序的规定,也几多变化。在1982年施行的《公证暂行条例》第19条中,立法机关规定,公证处对当事人提供的证明,认为不完备或有疑义时,有权向有关单位、个人调查,索取有关证件和材料。在调查中,有关单位、个人有义务给予协助。2而在2006年施行的《公证法》第29条中,立法机关却规定,公证机构对申请公证的事项以及当事人提供的证明材料,按照有关办证规则需要核实或者对其有疑义的,应当进行核实,或者委托异地公证机构代为核实,有关单位或者个人应当依法予以协助。3据此,在审查程序中,《公证法》将《公证暂行条例》规定的调查权修改为核实权。也由此,核实权第一次在中国的公证法律中确立下来。核实权的确立不仅是公证本质的回归,也是对公证职能的准确解读,具有十分重要的意义。但是,目前我国公证法对核实权的规定过于笼统,缺乏指导性和操作性,实践中,公证机构在行使核实权时,往往遭遇障碍,核实难成为公证机构普遍面临的问题。本文正是立足于这些与核实权有关的理论和实践中存在的问题,对核实权进行全面、系统的阐述。全文共四部分,其简要内容如下: 第一章是对核实权一般理论的阐述。首先是核实权在中国的确立,主要通过立法的变迁、人们对立法变迁的争议(公证机构是应当享有核实权还是享有调查权存在着争议)以及本文对这一争议的观点。接着阐述核实权的内涵,即核实权是什么,核实权具有何种属性。然后阐述核实权产生的理论基础,从交易安全和司法效率两个角度进行理论基础的阐述。第二章是对核实程序的阐述。首先是核实的主体,根据不同的核实类型,确定不同的核实主体,即自己核实的主体是受理办证申请的公证机构,委托核实的主体是受理办证申请的公证机构委托的公证机构。接着阐述公证核实的标准,即公证在何种情形下进行核实以及公证核实到何种程度的标准,明确了公证核实的条件和程度。最后,阐述了公证核实的方式,即公证机构通过何种方式完成公证核实。根据不同的标准,可以将公证核实的方式分为不同的种类,包括对人核实和对物核实以及当面核实和非当面核实两种。第三章是对公证核实在实践中存在的问题及原因进行阐述和分析。首先阐述公证核实在实践中存在的问题,包括公证机构忽视核实、核实得不到相关单位和个人的配合以及因资料丢失、不全,公证机构无法核实三种。然后分析产生这些问题的原因,本文主要分析了五种原因,既有立法上的原因,也有相关主体意识上的原因,还有素质方面的原因。第四章针对核实权存在的问题,提出有针对性的建议。首先是相关法律、法规的完善,包括办证规则的制定、修改和废除以及对公证法本身的完善等等;其次是畅通核实渠道、保障核实到位,包括联合发文、加强沟通以及开展档案的信息化建设;接着是强化公证的准入以及培训机制,提高公证人员的业务技能和综合素质;最后是加强公证赔偿保障制度的建设,保障因核实权行使不当而遭受侵害的当事人能够得到赔偿。
[Abstract]:Notarization is a notarization institution according to natural persons, legal persons or other organizations to apply, in accordance with the legal procedures of the civil legal act, the authenticity of the legal facts and documents to prove the legitimacy, the activity of.1 in the notary activities, that is the most basic notary, the core content of the country. In order to ensure the quality of notarization improve the credibility, notarization, the notary legal system in the provisions of the notarial examination procedures.
With the development of market economy, the provisions of the state of the notarial examination procedures, how many changes. In the 1982 implementation of the Interim Regulations of < nineteenth in the legislature of notarization, the notary office to prove the provisions provided by the parties, that are incomplete or ambiguous, have the right to the relevant units, personal investigation, obtain relevant documents and materials. The relevant units in the survey, and individuals have the obligation to render assistance to.2 in the 2006 implementation of the "Notarization Law > twenty-ninth, the legislature has provisions, proof of notarization institutions to apply for notarization matters as provided by the parties, in accordance with the relevant accreditation rules need to be verified or the doubt, shall to verify or entrust a notarization institution in a different place to verify the relevant units or individuals according to law shall assist.3 accordingly, in the review process," Notarization Law > Provisional Regulations > < notarial investigation to verify the right to modify Right. So, to establish the first nuclear power in the China. To verify the established notary legal rights is not only the essence of notarization is regression, accurate interpretation of the function of notarization, it has very important significance. However, the current provisions of the right to verify our country notarization law is too general, lack of guidance and operability in practice, in the exercise of nuclear power, a notary public, often encounter obstacles, verification difficult to become generally faced notary problem. This paper is based on these related to nuclear power theory and practice problems, full of nuclear power system in this paper. The paper consists of four parts, which are as follows:
The first chapter is the general theory of nuclear power in this paper. The first is to establish nuclear power in China, mainly through legislative changes, people debate on legislative changes (the notarial office is entitled nuclear power or enjoy the investigation right dispute) as well as the perspective on this issue. Then expound the connotation of nuclear power. What is the nuclear power, what kind of property right has verified. Then the theoretical basis of nuclear power generation, the theoretical basis from two aspects of transaction security and judicial efficiency in this paper.
The second chapter is to verify the program in this paper. The first is to verify the subject, according to the different types of verification, to determine the different verification subject, namely the subject is accepted to verify their notary permit application, the subject commissioned verification is entrusted to the admissibility of notarization institutions permit application of notarization institutions. Then introduces the notary verification standards that is, the notary and notary verification to verify the standard to the extent of the situations in which the conditions and degree of notary verification. Finally, elaborated the notary verification way, namely the notary public notary verification by the way in which to complete. According to different standards, can be notarized verification mode is divided into different types, including to verify and to verify and to verify and non face to face verification two.
The third chapter is to exist in the practice of notary verification and the reasons for the problems are described and analyzed. Firstly, the notary verification problems in practice, including the notarization institutions ignore verification, verification not related with units and individuals as a result of the loss of information, incomplete, the notary agency is unable to verify three reasons then. The analysis of these problems, this paper mainly analyzes the five kinds of reasons, both legislative reasons, there are reasons related to the subject consciousness, and quality reasons.
In the fourth chapter, the right to verify the existing problems, put forward some suggestions. The first is the relevant laws, regulations and perfect, including the development of accreditation rules, amendment and repeal of the notary law itself perfect and so on; second is unimpeded access for verification, security verification in place, including jointly issued a document to strengthen communication and information construction to carry out the archives; then strengthen notary access and training mechanism, improve the notary business skills and comprehensive quality; the last is to strengthen the construction of security system of notary compensation, due to improper use of nuclear power security and the violation of the parties to obtain compensation.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.6

【参考文献】