民国初期律师制度初探

发布时间：2018-02-25 06:02

本文关键词： 律师制度机遇阻碍《律师暂行章程》时代意义　出处：《苏州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：律师制度是一项民主的政治法律制度，是现代国家法律制度的重要组成部分。然而，我国古代并没有产生律师制度，这是由于我国古代是一个农业社会，手工业、商业不发达，在政治上又是专制的集权统治，不存在产生职业律师的各种条件。但是，自１９世纪中后期西方帝国主义的侵入，伴随着我国逐步沦为半封建半殖民地社会，为了救亡图存，晚清政府也开始了一系列的改革措施，这些都为律师制度的传入提供了条件。清政府被推翻后，，以孙中山为代表的资产阶级革命派在废除封建专制制度、打碎旧的国家机器的基础上，仿效西方资本主义国家，建立了民主共和政体性质的国家政治制度的同时，也仿照西方国家的法治原则，确定了全面建立新型法律制度的蓝图。其中包括改革司法审判体制，建立律师辩护制度。北洋军阀时期，正式公布实施《律师暂行章程》，从此创立了民国时期的律师制度，北洋军阀执政后，对民国政府想要建立的律师制度没有放弃，袁世凯死后，北洋军阀政府又于民国５年、６年、９年、１０年先后四次对《律师暂行章程》进行了修改。《律师暂行章程》的颁布，标志着民国初期律师制度的正式建立。本文要研究民国初期律师制度的建立原因、过程和发展，以及通过对《律师暂行章程》的具体内容的分析来探究民初律师制度设计。最后要探讨的是民国初期的律师制度在其实践中存在的问题及其时代意义所在。
[Abstract]:The lawyer system is a democratic political and legal system and an important part of the modern national legal system. However, there was no lawyer system in ancient China, which was due to the underdevelopment of agricultural society, handicraft industry and commerce in ancient China. Politically, it is authoritarian and centralized, and there are no conditions for the production of professional lawyers. However, with the invasion of Western imperialism in the middle and late period of 19th century, our country has gradually become a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society, in order to save the nation from death. The late Qing government also began a series of reform measures, all of which provided conditions for the introduction of the lawyer system. After the Qing government was overthrown, the bourgeois revolutionaries, represented by Sun Zhongshan, were abolishing the feudal autocratic system. On the basis of breaking down the old state machinery and imitating the western capitalist countries, they established a democratic and Republican national political system, and at the same time they also imitated the principles of the rule of law in the western countries. The blueprint for the comprehensive establishment of a new legal system was determined, including the reform of the judicial trial system and the establishment of the lawyer's defense system. During the period of the Northern warlords, the provisional charter for lawyers was officially promulgated and implemented, and the lawyer system of the Republic of China was established therefrom. After the Northern warlords came to power, they did not give up the lawyer system that the Republic of China government wanted to establish. After Yuan Shikai died, The Northern warlord government amended the Provisional Charter of lawyers four times in 1995, 6 years, 9 years and 10 years. Marking the formal establishment of the lawyer system in the early period of the Republic of China, this paper will study the reasons, process and development of the establishment of the lawyer system in the early period of the Republic of China. And through the analysis of the concrete content of the lawyer's provisional charter, this paper probes into the design of the lawyer's system in the beginning of the Republic of China. Finally, it discusses the problems existing in the practice of the lawyer system in the early period of the Republic of China and the significance of the times.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D926.5

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