刑事诉讼中检察机关角色定位问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 08:50

本文关键词： 检察机关法律监督公诉角色冲突　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：检察机关的角色定位问题,无论在理论上还是实践上,都是每个国家在构建完善的刑事诉讼制度过程中所要面临和解决的最为重要的议题。在刑事诉讼过程中,检察机关往往同时扮演了多种身份和角色,这就必然会造成对其定位也具有不确定性和多样性。本文基于以上情况及当前我国现状,拟从理论角度分析和研究,在遵循现有的诉讼法学基本原理情况下,对检察机关的诉讼地位给出一个较为科学的界定,并且对目前存在的检察机关角色冲突进行分析,同时尝试提出一些解决路径。全文共分为四部分,第一部分为刑事诉讼中检察机关角色定位的理论基础,通过基础理论的展示体会两种角色背后的不同“品性”。首先从控辩平衡理论展开引出检察机关公诉人角色,旨在说明公诉人角色是国家控诉犯罪的必然选择,也是诉讼结构搭建的一个重要支点；然后从控权理论展开引出检察机关法律监督者角色,主要从权力分立和制衡角度展开,法律监督者角色正是对权力控制需求的现实回应。第二部分为检察机关角色的域外法考察,笔者首先对检察机关产生展开了历史源头回溯,借此更好地理解检察机关角色品性,然后笔触从历史拉回当代,对德国、法国、英国、美国、俄罗斯的检察机关角色定位进行比较法分析,并对不同国家检察机关角色特色进行比较和原因分析,从中可以看出虽然检察机关自诞生至今,其角色内涵发生了很多变化,在不同的国家也有差别,但对核心角色上的定位上还是保持充分的共识,这些差别和共识可以为中国检察机关角色定位提供参考背景。第三部分视角从域外回转到国内,对我国刑事诉讼中检察机关角色定位进行现状分析,首先勾勒两种角色在中国的现实表现,然后对可能产生的角色冲突进行了意识形态、司法环境和心理层面三个维度的原因分析。可以看到虽然两种角色定位有其“先天性的抵牾”,但是主要问题还是在于制度建设上的不足,导致两种角色间相互借力,一方面影响客观控诉犯罪,一方面异化法律监督权,而不能保证两角色各行其道。最后一部分笔者尝试对角色冲突带来的“可能的不善”进行意识上和制度上的弱化,并理性指出“可能的不善”并不会完全消泯,追求正义的道路上依然有效率等价值需要兼顾,所以本文解决问题的措施也仅仅是一种学术尝试。
[Abstract]:Whether in theory or in practice, the role orientation of procuratorial organs is the most important issue that every country has to face and solve in the process of constructing a perfect criminal procedure system. Procuratorial organs often play a variety of roles and identities at the same time, which will inevitably lead to uncertainty and diversity in their positioning. Based on the above situation and the current situation in China, this paper intends to analyze and study it from a theoretical point of view. Following the basic principles of procedural law, this paper gives a more scientific definition of the procuratorial organ's litigation status, analyzes the existing conflicts of the procuratorial organs' role, and tries to put forward some ways to solve the problems. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is the theoretical basis of the role orientation of procuratorial organs in criminal proceedings. Through the display of basic theory, we can understand the different "character" behind the two roles. Firstly, we draw the prosecutor's role from the theory of balance between prosecution and defense, in order to explain that the role of public prosecutor is an inevitable choice for the state to prosecute crimes. It is also an important fulcrum of litigation structure; then it leads to the role of legal supervisor of procuratorial organ from the view of separation of powers and checks and balances. The role of legal supervisor is just the realistic response to the demand of power control. The second part is an investigation of the role of procuratorial organs in the extraterritorial law. First, the author traces the origin of the procuratorial organs to a better understanding of the character of the role of procuratorial organs, and then draws them back from history to Germany and France. The role orientation of procuratorial organs in the United Kingdom, the United States and Russia is analyzed by comparative law, and the characteristics of procuratorial organs in different countries are compared and the reasons are analyzed. It can be seen that although the procuratorial organs have been born since their birth, Many changes have taken place in the connotation of the role, and there are differences in different countries, but there is still a sufficient consensus on the positioning of the core role. These differences and consensus can provide a reference background for the role positioning of Chinese procuratorial organs. The third part analyzes the status quo of the role orientation of procuratorial organs in criminal proceedings in our country from the perspective of the outside world to China, first outlines the realistic performance of the two roles in China, and then carries on the ideology to the possible role conflict. Analysis of the causes of the three dimensions of the judicial environment and the psychological level. It can be seen that although the two roles have their "congenital contradictions", the main problem lies in the deficiencies in the construction of the system, which leads to the mutual borrowing between the two roles. On the one hand, it affects the objective prosecution of crime, on the other hand, dissimilates the legal supervision power, but can not guarantee the two roles to go their own way. In the last part, the author tries to weaken the consciousness and system of "possible misbehavior" brought about by role conflict, and points out rationally that "possible bad" will not be completely eliminated. The value of efficiency in the pursuit of justice still needs to be taken into account, so the measures to solve the problem in this paper are only an academic attempt.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925.2;D926.3

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