法院调解中的程序正义保障机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 10:34

本文选题：法院调解　切入点：程序正义　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文在梳理我国法院调解制度发展的基础上，以程序正义为视角，对我国法院调解制度进行了程序检讨，并进一步提出了法院调解中的程序正义保障机制构建路径，试图在现有司法体制下通过程序改造解决法院调解目前存在的强制调解等不符合正义的地方，推进我国法院调解制度的现代化进程。本文分为引言、正文、结语三个部分：引言主要指出了法院调解复兴的背景及其面临的问题，并进一步强调了将程序正义作为法院调解制度基石进行现代化构建所具有的重大理论和实践意义。正文分为五章：第一章从静态、动态、横纵向等多个维度，力图把握我国法院调解制度全貌。法院调解是指争议双方当事人申请人民法院主持，通过自主协商，达成协议，并经人民法院确认效力，最终彻底化解纠纷的一种诉讼活动和法院结案方式。法院调解制度发轫于古代的官府调解，历经几千年的发展演变，在我国司法审判中一直居于重要地位。20世纪90年代，由于判决在审判中的地位凸显，法院调解一度呈下降趋势。但随着2004年中国特色社会主义和谐社会的提出，法院调解制度迎来了复兴。第二章首先对程序正义的来源及发展进行了梳理。程序正义是正义观念在程序层面上的反映，源于古罗马时期的“自然正义”原则，后来发展为英美法上的“正当程序原则”。20世纪70年代，罗尔斯对程序正义进行了经典阐述，并将其划分为纯粹的程序正义、完善的程序正义和不完善的程序正义三种。接下来，通过对实体正义与程序正义的比较，该章肯定了程序正义的独立价值，并在此基础上提出了评价程序正义的若干标准：（1）中立性；（2）平等性；（3）当事人的参与性；（4）程序合理性；（5）公开性；（6）尊重当事人人格尊严；（7）及时终结性。第三章为法院调解进行程序正义改造作了必要性分析。首先，，法院调解是法院行使审判权的一种方式，为了防止法官在调解中肆意行使权力，有必要通过程序对其进行规制。其次，法院调解结果作为双方当事人自主协商达成的协议，正当的程序有利于其获得正当性支持，从而被当事人接受。最后，不同于民事诉讼程序，法院调解的目的在于彻底化解纠纷，坚持程序正义有利于吸收当事人的不满，实现这一目的。第四章以程序正义为标尺，对我国法院调解程序进行了检讨。我国法院调解程序存在的问题主要有以下几个方面：“调审合一”体制下法官的角色之惑；法官调解偏好侵蚀当事人意志自由；“背对背”调解中当事人的参与障碍；调解博弈中原告的选择困境；诉调转换间当事人隐秘暴露；“久调不决”使正义迟到。第五章在对我国法院调解程序问题进行检视的基础上，有针对性的提出了进行法院调解中的程序正义保障机制构建的六个要点：重新回归“审判为主，调解为辅”的司法理念；确立自愿和中立的原则；建立“诉调对接”机制，赋予当事人程序选择权；保证调解程序中当事人富有意义的参与；保守双方当事人在调解程序中的隐秘；确保调解程序的及时性和终局性。
[Abstract]:In this paper, basing on combing the development of court mediation system in China, from the viewpoint of procedural justice, the court mediation system of our country through the program review, and further puts forward the path to construct the court mediation guarantee mechanism of procedural justice in the process of transformation, trying to pass under the existing judicial system to solve the existing court mediation compulsory mediation etc. do not meet the justice and promote the court mediation system of our country's modernization process.
This article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction points out the background and problems of court mediation, and further emphasizes the great theoretical and practical significance of procedural justice as the cornerstone of court mediation system for modernization.
The text is divided into five chapters: the first chapter from the static, dynamic, multi lateral and longitudinal dimensions, trying to grasp the court mediation system of our country whole. The court mediation is a dispute between both parties may apply to the people's court presided over an agreement through consultations, and, after the people's court to confirm the effectiveness, eventually completely resolve disputes in a lawsuit and the court case. The court mediation system originated from the ancient government mediation, after thousands of years evolution of judicial adjudication in China has been in the important position of.20 in 90s, due to prominence in the trial judgment status, court mediation was decreased. But with the characteristics of socialist harmonious society put forward in 2004 China, court the mediation system ushered in the Renaissance.
The second chapter of the origin and development of procedural justice carried out. Procedural justice is a reflection of the concept of justice in the program level, originated in ancient Rome period "natural justice" principle, for the later development of the common law principles of due process in.20 in 70s, Rawls made a classic exposition of procedural justice, and it will be divided into pure procedural justice, perfect procedural justice and imperfect procedural justice three. Next, through the comparison of substantive justice and procedural justice, this chapter confirms the independent value of procedural justice, and on this basis put forward some standards of justice evaluation procedures: (1) neutrality; (2) equality; (3) the parties involved; (4) the reasonableness of the program; (5) open; (6) the parties to respect the human dignity; (7) in the end.
The third chapter is the court mediation of procedural justice reform made the necessary analysis. First, the court mediation is a way for the court to exercise jurisdiction, in order to prevent the wanton exercise of power in mediation, it is necessary to regulate it through the program. Secondly, the court mediation results for both parties negotiated agreements, while the program is beneficial to the legitimacy of the support, in order to be accepted by the parties. Finally, different from the civil procedure, the court mediation is to resolve disputes, adhere to procedural justice to absorb the discontent of the parties, to achieve this goal.
In the fourth chapter of procedural justice for the scale of our court mediation program review. Our court mediation procedure problems mainly in the following aspects: "the trial judge one system under the confusion of the role; the judge mediation preference erosion free will of parties;" back on the back "to participate in mediation obstacle problem for the plaintiff; selection; exposure of the parties' privacy;" long decision to make justice late.
The fifth chapter in view of questions based on the court mediation procedure in our country, there are six key points of constructing court mediation guarantee mechanism of procedural justice in the forward: return to the "trial, mediation by the" judicial philosophy; and establish voluntarily the principle of neutrality; establish v. intermediation mechanism and give the parties the right to choose procedures; ensure the parties in the mediation process meaningful participation; conservative parties in the mediation process in secret; to ensure the timeliness and finality of the mediation process.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925.1;D926.2

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