试论我国法律援助中的国家责任

发布时间：2018-03-08 08:14

本文选题：法律援助制度　切入点：国家责任　出处：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：向贫困者提供免费法律服务为核心内容的法律援助制度从产生至今已有将近600年的历史了,它的价值蕴含了伦理、政治、法律等方面。基于该制度对实现司法平等、保障人权、完善社会保障体系等价值,因此,世界上大多数国家已经通过立法所确立。法律援助制度是现代社会的一种法律保障制度,法律援助的对象是贫困的弱势群体,在市场经济条件下,社会急速转型,机会不均等,信息不对称;资源的有限性和竞争的残局性,加之区域经济发展不平衡,贫富差距在加大,这是弱势群体产生的特殊原因。市场经济固然有高的效率,但市场也会产生种种失败,存在市场失灵。政府的作用是干市场无法调节,无法保证公平的事情。弱势群体法律援助保障正是市场失灵的领域,政府不但要承担这一领域中的国内、国际义务,而且应遵循现代市场经济的法治要求,建立政府法律援助的调控保护机制。中国法律援助制度经过十年的酝酿和准备,经过了近十五年的努力,从无到有,从一张白纸到以《法律援助条例》的颁布实施为标志正式确立体系的初步建立,中国的法律援助事业正透露着勃勃生机。大多数中国人对“法律援助”经历了从陌生到熟悉的过程。政府的责任体现在如下方面:加大法律援助人力资源开发,建立法律援助经费保障机制,努力使法律援助制度供给趋向均衡。在西方发达国家法律援助制度已发展到成为面向贫困者的社会保障体系和维护人权的政府职能,明确国家是法律援助的责任主体,法律援助是国家责任。这为中国法律援助的进一步发展完善提供了颇具意义的启示。法律援助的国家责任性质已经为许多国家所承认。法律援助不仅仅是为了社会的公正,更重要的是要彻底改变贫困者的生存状况和社会地位,最终保障他们作为人的所有权利。本文拟从国际人权法中有关法律援助的理论和实践出发,论证法律援助的国家责任,并分析国际人权标准对我国法律援助制度的建立之启示和指导作用,对中国法律援助制度理论提出一些不成熟的创新见解,着眼于构建成熟、健康、文明的中国法律援助制度立法体系,并对改革中国法律援助制度实践作一些探讨和研究。
[Abstract]:The legal aid system, which provides free legal services to the poor as its core content, has a history of nearly 600 years since its inception. Its value contains ethical, political, legal and other aspects. Therefore, most countries in the world have established through legislation. The legal aid system is a kind of legal security system in modern society, and the object of legal aid is the disadvantaged groups in poverty. Under the conditions of market economy, the rapid transformation of society, unequal opportunities, asymmetric information, limited resources and the residual nature of competition, in addition to the imbalance in regional economic development, the gap between the rich and the poor is widening. This is a special reason for the emergence of vulnerable groups. Although the market economy has high efficiency, but the market can also produce a variety of failures, there is market failure. The role of the government is to dry the market can not adjust. The guarantee of legal aid for vulnerable groups is precisely the area where the market fails. The government should not only assume its domestic and international obligations in this field, but also comply with the rule of law requirements of the modern market economy. Establish a regulatory and protective mechanism for government legal aid. After 10 years of preparation and 10 years of preparation, after nearly 15 years of hard work, China's legal aid system has grown from nothing to existence. From a blank piece of paper to the initial establishment of the formal establishment system marked by the promulgation and implementation of the legal Aid regulations, The cause of legal aid in China is full of vitality. Most Chinese people have experienced a process of "legal aid" from unfamiliar to familiar. The responsibility of the government lies in the following aspects: increasing legal aid for human resources development, The legal aid system has developed into a social security system for the poor and a government function to safeguard human rights in the western developed countries. It is clear that the State is the subject of legal aid, Legal aid is the responsibility of the state. This provides a significant enlightenment for the further development and improvement of legal aid in China. The nature of the state responsibility of legal aid has been recognized by many countries. Legal aid is not only for the sake of social justice. What is more important is to completely change the living conditions and social status of the poor, and finally to guarantee all their rights as human beings. This paper intends to demonstrate the state responsibility of legal aid from the theory and practice of legal aid in international human rights law. It also analyzes the enlightenment and guidance of international human rights standards to the establishment of legal aid system in China, and puts forward some immature and innovative views on the theory of legal aid system in China, with a view to constructing mature and healthy legal aid system. The civilized legislative system of China's legal aid system and the practice of reforming China's legal aid system are discussed and studied.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.5

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