论最高人民法院指导性案例制度

发布时间：2018-03-20 15:13

本文选题：指导性案例　切入点：性质　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从20世纪80年代最高人民法院发布“典型案例”开始,中经地方各级人民法院对案例指导法官审判工作的地方性探索和区域性实践,然后时间定格在2010年11月26日——最高人民法院发布(法发【2010】51号)《关于案例指导工作的规定》。1可以说,《案例指导规定》的出台是最高人民法院对案例指导探索与实践的肯定和升华,其意义重大,自不待言。但是,这并不意味着我国当下的案例指导工作不存在问题。相反,问题是多面向的:既有法律规定上的问题,又有法官对于指导性案例适用上的问题。多面向的问题相互交织,使得法官在审判实践之中,往往不知所措。而这正是本文的出发点。本文试图在问题相互交织的困境中,梳理出一条相对清晰的线索。这不仅仅是给予指导性案例以历史、现实的考察和法律定位,更是为法官适用指导性案例提供一种方法、技巧上的门路。本文采取的研究方法主要是历史的方法、实证的方法和比较的方法。文章的主体部分有三。第一部分是关于我国司法中的案例指导传统与发展状况的分析。对于我国司法中的案例传统,文章主要是通过归纳、总结的方法说明——借鉴、参考案例是我国司法运行中的内在规律,我国司法实践具有良好的案例指导传统。同时,在当下,呈现出了“上下互动”的模式——最高人民法院和地方各级人民法院在不同的层面上探索案例指导实践的最佳路径,取得了一定的成效,因而催生了《案例指导规定》的出台。然后,文章对此规定进行了批判式的解读和分析。第二部分,主要是对依据《案例指导规定》所产生的“指导性案例”的分析,包括其概念、性质、价值和效力等。首先,文章区分了指导性案例与大陆法系判例二者之间的差异。其次,对于指导性案例性质的认定,文章提出了“规范法律适用说”的观点,并进行了论证。然后,文章从“内在视角”和“外在视角”两个方面对指导性案例的价值进行了分析。最后,对于指导性案例的效力样态,文章在归纳学界各种观点的基础上,结合“软法”理论,提出了自己的见解,即指导性案例不具有强制性的法律拘束力,但是在司法实践中能够产生实际效果。第三部分,是关于指导性案例如何适用的部分。文章认为,指导性案例适用的条件主要有两个:一是缺乏具体的制定法规范,存在法律漏洞;二是存在与系争案件相互照应的指导性案例。尔后,文章对寻找指导性案例的途径进行了分析,即“法官如何寻找指导性案例”。再者,文章对指导性案例中具有“指导作用”的部分进行了分析和阐述,指出案例指导规则和法律说理部分对于后案法官具有裁判规则意义上的指导、参照和裁判说理上的支持。总而言之,指导性案例对于法官的审判活动具有重要意义。然而,由于《案例指导规定》对于指导性案例的法律定位模糊,加上我国法官长期以来形成的成文法法律思维模式,所以,指导性案例作用的充分发挥尚需时日。尽管如此,仍然值得期待指导性案例在我国的司法实践中写下浓墨重彩的一笔。
[Abstract]:From 1980s the Supreme People's Court issued the "typical case", the local people's court judge for the case guidance work of local regional exploration and practice, and then the time fixed in the November 26, 2010, the Supreme People's Court issued (issued by [2010] No. 51) "provisions on the case to guide the work of the >.1 can be said that the introduction of guidelines > < case is the Supreme People's Court on the exploration and practice of case guidance affirmation and sublimation, it is of great significance, It goes without saying that. But this does not mean that the case guidance work of our current work is not a problem. Instead, the problem is multifaceted: there are legal provisions on the issue, and judges for the application of the guiding case. For problems are intertwined, the judges in judicial practice, often at a loss. And this is the starting point of this paper. This paper tries to In the dilemma of intertwined problems, a relatively clear clue is carted out. This is not only a historical, realistic investigation and legal orientation for guiding cases, but also a way for judges to apply guiding cases.
The research methods adopted in this paper are mainly historical methods, empirical methods and comparative methods.
The main part of the article three. The first part is the analysis of the traditional case guidance and development status about our country. For the case in the judicial tradition in our judicial, the article is mainly through the induction, summary methods - reference, reference case is the inherent law of China's judicial operation, good case guidance the traditional judicial practice in our country. At the same time, in the moment, showing the "best path interactive" mode -- the Supreme People's court and the local people's courts at all levels to explore the case guiding practice in different level, and achieved certain results, and thus gave birth to the introduction of guidelines > < case. Then, the article the regulations for the interpretation and analysis of critical.
The second part is mainly on the basis of "case guidance provisions on the" guiding case "analysis, including its concept, nature, value and effectiveness. Firstly, this article distinguishes the difference between the guiding case and civil law case two. Secondly, that the guiding case nature, the put forward the" "point of view for legal norms, and the demonstration is carried out. Then, the paper analyzes the value of guiding cases from two aspects:" internal point of view "and" external perspective ". Finally, the validity of state guidance case, the article summed up in science circles on the views. Combination of" soft law "theory, put forward their own views, namely guiding cases do not have mandatory legal binding, but in judicial practice can have a real effect.
The third part is about how to apply the guiding case. The article believes that there are two main guiding case applicable conditions: one is the lack of specific law norms, there are legal loopholes; two is the guiding case existence and the case of each other. Then, the paper analyzes ways the guiding case, namely "the judge how to find the guide case. Furthermore, the article has the" guidance "part explains and analyses the guiding case, pointed out that the case guiding rules and legal reasoning part for case law officer has judicial rules of guidance, reference and referee reasoning support.
In a word, the guiding case has important significance for the judicial activities of the judges. However, because of the case guidance provisions for < the legal position of guiding case is fuzzy, coupled with China's judge the long-standing statutory law thinking, therefore, give full play to the role of guiding case will take time. Nevertheless, still worth looking forward to the guidance case write thick and heavy in colours in the judicial practice of our country in a pen.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.2

【引证文献】