法官司法责任制研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 01:13

本文选题：法官　切入点：司法责任　出处：《北方工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：法官在一个国家司法活动中处于核心位置,法官如何行使司法权决定了司法公正是否能够实现。所以,如何构建合理的问责机制对法官的司法权进行规制是各国法治建设中的重要课题。从上世纪九十年代起,我国就开始自下而上地建立错案责任追究制,以求应对现实中出现的冤假错案问题。但由于在制度设计上存在缺陷,问责效果并不理想。在新一轮的司法改革中,党中央和最高人民法院都提出了进一步完善我国法官司法责任制的改革方向,指出要建立以审判为中心的司法权运行机制,并在此基础上实现对法官审判权的监督和问责。有鉴于此,本文从现行法官司法责制度的不足和如何进一步完善我国司法责任制两条思路出发,分以下四个部分对法官司法责任制进行探讨:第一部分主要概述法官司法责任的一些基本理论问题。如界定法官司法责任的概念是什么,司法责任呈现出什么特点,司法责任和其他责任有什么不同,为什要构建司法责任制,其合理性是什么。这些基本问题的厘清有助于我们为具体的制度构建提供理论支持。第二部分主要对法官问责事由问题进行研究。首先提出当前制度下,针对法官行使司法权的问责事由有哪些,其中存在的问题是什么;然后对国外的法官问责事由进行介绍的和总结,以供我们研究和设计司法问责事由提供借鉴;最后提出在新的改革背景下,应当在司法问责事由方面做出哪些改进。第三部分主要针对司法问责主体的设置进行探讨。首先对当前法官问责主体的架构和运行作出简述,分析其中存在的不足;然后对一些法治发达国家的问责主体进行比较和分析,从中总结出一些共性以供参考;最后提出设置问责主体的一些标准,并就如何具体设置司法问责机构提出构想。第四部分主要围绕司法问责的程序展开。首先对现有制度下的问责程序进行梳理,分析在实际运行中的缺陷;然后对一些法治发达国家的法官惩戒程序进行分析和总结,归纳出他们在程序构建上的基本特点以资借鉴;最后对具体程序的设计提出构想。
[Abstract]:Judges are at the core of a country's judicial activities. How judges exercise judicial power determines whether judicial justice can be realized. How to establish a reasonable accountability mechanism to regulate the judicial power of judges is an important issue in the construction of the rule of law in various countries. Since the 1990s, China has started to establish the system of investigating the responsibility of wrong cases from the bottom up. In order to deal with the problem of false and false cases in reality. However, due to the defects in the system design, the effect of accountability is not ideal. In the new round of judicial reform, Both the Party Central Committee and the Supreme people's Court have proposed the direction of further improving the judicial responsibility system of judges in our country, and pointed out that a judicial power operation mechanism centered on trial should be established. On the basis of this, the author realizes the supervision and accountability of the judge's judicial power. In view of this, this paper proceeds from the deficiency of the current system of judges' judicial responsibility and how to further improve the judicial responsibility system of our country. It is divided into the following four parts to discuss the judicial responsibility system of judges: the first part mainly summarizes some basic theoretical problems of judicial responsibility of judges, such as defining the concept of judicial responsibility of judges, what characteristics of judicial responsibility, What is the difference between judicial responsibility and other responsibilities, and why should we build a judicial responsibility system? What is its rationality? the clarification of these basic problems helps us to provide theoretical support for the concrete system construction. The second part mainly studies the question of the cause of the judge's accountability. What are the reasons for the judges to exercise judicial power, and what are the existing problems, and then introduce and summarize the reasons of the judges' accountability in foreign countries, so as to provide reference for us to study and design the causes of judicial accountability; Finally, under the background of the new reform, what improvements should be made in the subject of judicial accountability. The third part mainly discusses the establishment of the subject of judicial accountability. Firstly, the structure and operation of the subject of judicial accountability are briefly described. Then the author compares and analyzes the accountability subjects of some developed countries with the rule of law, sums up some commonalities for reference, and finally puts forward some standards for setting accountability subjects. The fourth part mainly focuses on the procedure of judicial accountability. Firstly, the accountability procedures under the existing system are combed, and the defects in the actual operation are analyzed. Then the author analyzes and summarizes the judges' disciplinary procedure in some developed countries with the rule of law, and concludes their basic characteristics in the construction of the procedure for reference. Finally, the author puts forward some ideas on the design of the concrete procedure.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

【参考文献】