我国政府法律顾问制度设置探析

发布时间：2018-03-25 02:00

本文选题：政府法律顾问　切入点：依法行政　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：经济全球化与社会主义市场经济的持续发展,导致国家法治问题日益突出,政府机关面临着越来越多的复杂法律事务,公民与法人的法制观念和法律意识不断增强,更多的行政争议和行政法律事务应运而生,这就要求政府集中更多的精力去处理此类事务。更重要的是,各级政府要最大程度地减少行政政策的随意性和盲目性,实现依法决策、科学决策、民主决策等等,这些都不同程度地制约着政府法律顾问制度的建立与完善。十八届三中全会决定要"普遍建立政府法律顾问制度",十八届四中全会进一步强调要保证法律顾问在重大决策中的积极作用。这两次会议的决定,为我国加强、完善政府法律顾问制度,提供了强有力的支持和依据。随着我国"四个全面"战略布局的开展和"依法治国"基本方针的提出,政府法律顾问制度的规范化、常态化在法治一体化建设以及依法行政、依法执政中越来越显现出其必要性和重要性。在我国政府法律顾问制度诞生、发展的三十多年间,一方面成效初显,积累了一定的经验;另一方面,也暴露出发展不均衡、差距过大、机制不健全、依附性强等诸多问题。我国对这方面的研究文献不多,大多集中在政府律师和公职律师方面,没有真正深入探讨剖析政府法律顾问制度。从2013年党的十八届三中全会后,对该制度的研究才真正被重视起来,出现了很多文章,不过研究方向仍然有些片面单一,侧重点主要集中在几个共同的方面:政府法律顾问制度的构想、建议;政府法律顾问的工作内容;对已经颁布的各省工作细则进行解读;对国外政府法律顾问制度的研究与借鉴等等。研究成果缺乏系统性。政府法律顾问制度,将法律顾问作为政府决策的规范者和监督者,不仅可以切实提高政府决策的水平,为政府决策提供专业的建议,有效降低政府决策风险和成本,提高决策的质量和科学性,还有利于集中民智、凝聚民力、体现民意,真正让政府做到依法行政,逐步推进法治国家的建设。为进一步完善政府法律顾问制度,最终实现法律顾问工作的机制化与规范化,国家应明确政府法律顾问工作的意义与职责,规范政府在法律顾问工作的行为,进一步理顺法律顾问部门职能,明确职责分工,避免管理上的重复或疏漏,建立起有序的政府法律顾问工作体系。本文以山东、吉林、上海、北京等省市的政府法律顾问工作细则为研究对象,概括性地介绍了政府法律顾问制度内涵的界定和实施的价值,通过解读政府法律顾问制度建立的理论基础,借鉴其他国家和地区的实际经验,系统诠释我国政府法律顾问制度的历史与发展,深入探讨了政府法律顾问的利益冲突问题及规则。以各省市为例,采用个案分析法,分析了我国政府法律顾问制度的类别、发展现状和存在问题,并提出合理化建议。由于这项制度在我国真正的实施时间不长,许多隐藏的问题和弊端还没有完全暴露,对该制度的研究和建议难免纸上谈兵,缺乏实证支持,但任何一项新兴制度的实施过程都是在不断的理论研究、构想中完善、健全,本文旨在对完善我国政府法律顾问制度进行探讨,希望能对促进健全我国政府法律顾问制度有所帮助,从而吸引更多的优秀法律人才融入到政府建设中来,以此加快法制中国建设的步伐。
[Abstract]:Economic globalization and sustainable development of the socialist market economy, leading to the country under the rule of law is becoming increasingly prominent, the government is facing more and more complex legal affairs, citizens and legal persons legal concept and legal consciousness, more administrative disputes and administrative legal affairs came into being, which requires the government to focus more effort to deal with such matters. More importantly, governments at all levels should minimize the administrative policy of randomness and blindness, to achieve decision-making, scientific decision-making, democratic decision-making and so on, these are different degree to restrict the establishment and perfection of the government legal adviser. In the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decided to "establish a government legal adviser system, stressed the need to further in the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to ensure the positive role of the legal adviser in a major decision. This two meeting decided to strengthen our country perfect The government legal system provides strong support and basis. As China's "four comprehensive" strategic layout and the development of "rule of law" the basic principle is put forward, the standardization of the government legal advisory system, the normalization of the integration of the construction of the rule of law and administrative law, ruling in increasingly shows its necessity and the importance of our government legal adviser. In the system of birth, development of more than 30 years, on the one hand, the effectiveness of previews, accumulated certain experience; on the other hand, also exposed the unbalanced development, the gap is too large, the mechanism is not perfect, many problems of strong attachment. Many of our country in the aspects of research literature. Mostly concentrated in government lawyers and public lawyers, no real in-depth analysis of government legal adviser system. From the party in 2013 the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee after the study of the system really pay attention to it, and there is a Many articles, but there are still some research directions of single one-sided, focus mainly on several common aspects: conception, the government legal advisory system recommendations; work of government legal adviser; interpretation of published the work rules of research and reference to the foreign government; legal consultant system and so on. The lack of systematic research results the government legal system will be regarded as the legal adviser of the government decision-making norms and supervisor, not only can effectively improve the government decision-making level, to provide professional advice for government decision-making, reduce the risk and cost of government decision-making, improve the quality and scientific decision-making, and to pool their wisdom, unite their resources to reflect public opinion, really the government administration according to law, and gradually promote the construction of rule of law. In order to further improve the system of government legal adviser, finally realizes the legal consultant working machine Preparation and standardization, the state should clear responsibilities and significance of government legal advisory work, standardize government behavior in legal advisory work, to further rationalize the legal adviser department functions, a clear division of responsibilities, to avoid duplication or omission of management, established the orderly government legal advisory work system. This paper takes Shandong, Jilin, Shanghai. Beijing provincial government legal advisory work rules as the research object, briefly introduces the definition of the government legal advisory system and implementation of value, theoretical basis of establishing the legal adviser of the government through the system, according to actual experiences of other countries and regions, the history and development of system of interpretation of Chinese government legal adviser system, in-depth study the conflict of interest rules and legal counsel for the government. In various provinces and cities as an example, using case analysis, analysis of China's government legal adviser in class No, the development situation and existing problems, and puts forward some suggestions. As a result of this system in the implementation of China's real time is not long, many hidden problems have not been fully exposed, study and suggestion on the system is lack of empirical support, empty talk, but the implementation of any new system are in the theoretical research idea constantly, perfect, perfect, in order to perfect our country government legal adviser system are discussed, hoping to help promote and improve our system of government legal adviser, in order to attract more excellent legal talents into the government in the construction of legal system, in order to speed up the pace of construction China.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.5

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