人民调解制度的历史、现状与完善

发布时间：2018-04-08 16:24

本文选题：人民调解　切入点：合意　出处：《中共中央党校》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：人民调解制度是一项具有中国特色的纠纷解决制度。作为一种社会自治的纠纷解决机制,其核心在调解,强调的是一种合意的纠纷解决方式。这是人民调解制度与诉讼及其他非诉讼纠纷解决制度的区别所在,更是其合法性和正当性的基础和存在的意义。然而从人民调解制度的产生和发展的历史来看,这项制度从产生时起就承载着深厚的政治功能,加上我国市民社会的不成熟和基层自治组织的自治性不足,人民调解制度的基础性空间是由国家来推进的,给人民调解机制的纠纷解决带来强制的因素。为理性地定位国家权力、人民调解组织和纠纷当事人之间的关系,以尝试寻求人民调解制度的完善与发展的路径,本文通过对人民调解制度的概念、性质、功能和特征的论述及其历史的考察,对人民调解制度产生的机理进行分析,并通过对现状及其原因的评析,以寻求合意和强制两者之间的平衡。全文除引言和结语外,共分为四个部分。第一部分主要从人民调解的概念、性质、功能和特征入手,强调人民调解的群众自治的性质和纠纷解决的首要功能,并且通过与诉讼这一公力救济方式相比较来分析人民调解所独有的特征。第二部分主要对人民调解的历史进行梳理。从调解的历史渊源到人民调解初创、确立和发展等这几个前后相继的阶段,以及不同阶段的不同特点进行考察,为人民调解这一制度的产生机理的研究提供依据。第三部分则主要是对我国人民调解制度的现状及原因进行分析。通过对近年人民调解制度所获得的成就总结人民调解新的发展,与此同时也对人民调解制度所遇到的问题以及造成问题的原因进行剖析,为人民调解制度的进一步完善提供基础。第四部分主要是对人民调解制度的完善。结合我国的国情,从体现理念的较为宏观的总体设想到更为详细可供操作的具体制度为人民调解提供合理的建构方案。本文使用历史调查、社会调查以及分析比较等研究方法,其价值在于尝试从更为宏观的角度对人民调解制度进行考察和完善。
[Abstract]:The people's mediation system is a dispute settlement system with Chinese characteristics.As a kind of social autonomy dispute resolution mechanism, its core is mediation, which emphasizes a kind of consensual dispute resolution.This is the difference between the people's mediation system, litigation and other non-litigation dispute settlement systems, and the basis and significance of its legitimacy and legitimacy.However, judging from the history of the emergence and development of the people's mediation system, this system has carried a profound political function since its inception, coupled with the immaturity of our civil society and the lack of autonomy of grass-roots autonomous organizations.The basic space of the people's mediation system is promoted by the state, which brings compulsory factors to the dispute resolution of the people's mediation mechanism.In order to rationally locate the power of the state, the relationship between the people's mediation organization and the parties to the dispute, in order to try to find the path to the perfection and development of the people's mediation system, this paper discusses the concept and nature of the people's mediation system.This paper analyzes the mechanism of the people's mediation system through the analysis of the present situation and its causes in order to find the balance between the consensus and the compulsion.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four parts.The first part focuses on the concept, nature, function and characteristics of people's mediation, emphasizing the nature of mass autonomy and the primary function of dispute resolution.And analyze the unique characteristics of people's mediation by comparing it with litigation.The second part mainly combs the history of people's mediation.From the historical origin of mediation to the establishment, establishment and development of people's mediation, and the different characteristics of different stages, this paper provides a basis for the study of the mechanism of the system of people's mediation.The third part mainly analyzes the present situation and reasons of the people's mediation system in China.Through summing up the new development of the people's mediation through the achievements of the people's mediation system in recent years, at the same time, analyzing the problems encountered by the people's mediation system and the causes of the problems.To provide a basis for the further improvement of the people's mediation system.The fourth part is the perfection of the people's mediation system.According to the national conditions of our country, from the macroscopic overall assumption to the more detailed concrete system which can be operated, it provides a reasonable construction scheme for the people's mediation.This paper uses historical investigation, social investigation and analysis and comparison methods, its value lies in trying to investigate and perfect the people's mediation system from a more macroscopic angle.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926

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