公证监督制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 18:28

本文选题：公证监督 + 司法行政监督　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在私权自治理念与ADR勃兴的背景下，公证能够发挥其预防性、事前介入纠纷的作用。作为国家证明权的公证权也需严格的监督制约机制，以契合公证公信力对于法定性和稳定性的民众心理需求。我国现行公证监督体系可分为司法行政监督及行业自律，然而从公证实践来看，依然存在诸多弊端及制度性缺陷。本文将检视我国公证监督机制的缺漏与困境，并在借鉴域外的经验之后，提出我国公证监督制度的完善建议。具体而言，本文除引言和结论外，共分为四部分：第一部分为公证监督的基本理论：公证制度是私权自治理念及现代分权思想的衍生物。公证属于广义ADR的一种，因而也需要相对完备的监督机制来规范其适用。公证在社会信用体系的边缘化及公证程序正义的强烈建构声，使得公证监督尤为必要。第二部分为域外公证监督制度的比较考察：拉丁公证的监督模式以司法行政监督及行业自律为主，更加偏重于后者，再辅以法院监督或检察院监督；监督方式上则涵括业务检查、申诉、惩戒、公证民事赔偿制度等。英美公证制度国家在公证监督上虽不如拉丁公证般严谨、重视，但依然有较完备的行业监督细则。第三部分反思我国公证监督机制的困境：公证当事人审查的缺失、公证人法律责任定位的模糊、公证不正当竞争的恶性循环构成了公证程序运作中的三大监管漏洞，“沉默的”公证人及流于形式的公证审批制度导致了公证内部监管的异化，而司法行政机关监管功能薄弱、行业自律作用机制不畅形成了公证外部监管的障碍。第四部分提出对完善我国公证监督制度的思考：公证内部监管机制的完善离不开公证行业的规范化建设：应落实对公证当事人适格的审查义务，实行公证委员会审批制下的公证审批制度；明确“以人为本”的公证人法律责任定位，实现公证人权责统一；加强公证收费制度的检查，遏制不正当竞争；改变传统司法行政的强势监管，充分发挥行业自律自治监督机能。而公证与民事诉讼的合理衔接将成为公证外部制衡机制的有力支撑：法院作为第三方独立监督机构，，将会介入公证监督，形成与司法行政监督、行业自律的对接；完善公证证据规则并将公证证据采信规则从民事诉讼中剥离。
[Abstract]:Under the background of private autonomy and ADR, notarization can play its preventive role and intervene in disputes beforehand.The notarization right, as a national right of proof, also needs strict supervision and restriction mechanism, in order to meet the public psychological needs of legalization and stability.The current system of notarization supervision in China can be divided into judicial administrative supervision and industry self-discipline. However, from the practice of notarization, there are still many drawbacks and institutional defects.This paper will examine the defects and difficulties of our country's notarization supervision mechanism, and put forward some suggestions on how to perfect our country's notarization supervision system after drawing lessons from overseas experience.Specifically, in addition to the introduction and conclusions, this paper is divided into four parts:The first part is the basic theory of notarization supervision: notarization system is a derivative of the idea of private autonomy and modern decentralization.Notarization is a kind of generalized ADR, so it needs a relatively complete supervision mechanism to regulate its application.The marginalization of notarization in social credit system and the strong construction of notarization procedure make the supervision of notarization especially necessary.The second part is the comparative investigation of the outside notarization supervision system: Latin notarization supervision mode is mainly judicial administrative supervision and industry self-discipline, more emphasis on the latter, and then supplemented by court supervision or procuratorate supervision;Supervision means include business inspection, complaints, disciplinary, notarized civil compensation system and so on.Although the notarization supervision in Anglo-American countries is not as strict and important as Latin notarization, it still has complete supervision rules.The third part reflects on the predicament of our country's notarization supervision mechanism: the lack of the notarization party's examination, the ambiguity of the notary's legal responsibility localization, the vicious circle of the notarization unfair competition constitute the three big supervision loopholes in the notarization procedure operation.The "silent" notaries and the mere notarization examination and approval system lead to the alienation of the internal supervision of notarization, while the supervision function of the judicial administrative organs is weak, and the mechanism of self-discipline of the industry is not smooth, which forms the obstacle of the external supervision of notarization.The fourth part puts forward some thoughts on how to perfect the supervision system of notarization in our country: the perfection of internal supervision mechanism of notarization is inseparable from the standardized construction of notarization industry, and the obligation to examine the notarization parties should be carried out.Carry out the notarization examination and approval system under the system of notary examination and approval by notary committee; define the legal responsibility of notaries based on "people-oriented", realize the unification of notaries' rights and responsibilities, strengthen the inspection of notarization fee system and curb unfair competition;To change the strong supervision of traditional judicial administration and give full play to the self-discipline and self-governing function of the industry.And the reasonable connection between notarization and civil action will be the strong support of the external check and balance mechanism of notarization: the court, as an independent supervision institution of third party, will intervene in the notarization supervision and form the docking with the judicial administrative supervision and the self-discipline of the industry;Perfecting the rules of notarization evidence and stripping the rules of acceptance of notarized evidence from civil proceedings.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D926.6

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