中国国家司法考试制度的困境与出路

发布时间：2018-04-16 10:21

本文选题：国家司法考试 + 现状　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国现行的国家统一司法考试制度关系到我国法学教育的教育模式以及法律职业人才的培养，这就使得司法考试制度成为关系我国法治建设的重要内容和环节。现行的司法考试制度有它的出台的社会背景，2002年我国首次实行司法考试制度以来，我国在各个方面随着社会的发展以及司法考试制度具体实行中问题的突显而逐步改革、完善了这一制度。司法考试制度的建立和施行具有重要的里程碑式的意义，从法律职业尤其是法官、检察官遴选的规范化方面来看，国家司法考试制度有助于规范化、制度化司法人员的选拔；有助于通过司法考试提高法律职业队伍和人才尤其是之前选拔、任用方式不规范化的法官、检察官的法律素质，从而有利于从整体上提高整个法律职业队伍尤其是司法队伍的素质；有助于逐步维护法制的统一，，有助于逐步培养起法律职业共同体的意识，形成法律职业共同体的思维方式，树立法律职业共同体的法律理念，从而逐渐建立起我国的法律职业共同体；有利于进一步提高国家法学教育尤其是高等本科法学教育的整体地位,进而使得法学教育在社会人才尤其是法律人才的培养方面的重要作用凸显出来；有利于促进整个国家的法律实施，有利于保证司法的高效和公正，从而维护社会的公平正义。但是，这一司法考试制度仍然面临着与法学教育相脱节、与法律职业相脱节以及引发或加重司法队伍的失衡或断层等三个主要困境。通过借鉴国外发达法治国家的司法考试制度的先进经验，本文从司法考试制度的考试资格的设置、考试内容和形式的调整以及司法研修制度的建立等方面提出了我国司法考试制度的若干完善建议和改革措施。提出我国的司法考试制度在考试资格上应当限制在接受过专业的法学教育的高等院校的毕业生，把非法学专业的学生排除在司法考试之外。同时，我国必须继续坚持并且适当放宽西部等不发达地区以及基层司法机关等部门司法考试的资格，并且我们应当日益开放司法考试的对外国公民的限制条件。在司法考试的形式上，新增司法考试口试或是面试，可以把我国现行的每年一次的司法考试改为阶段性的司法考试模式。在司法考试的内容上，应当更加注重对考生的法律基础知识以外的法律素质的考查，应当更加注重对考生的法律职业伦理的考查。并且建立起相应的司法研修制度。
[Abstract]:The current national unified judicial examination system is related to the educational model of law education and the training of legal professionals in our country, which makes the judicial examination system become an important content and link in the construction of the rule of law in our country.The current judicial examination system has its social background. Since the first implementation of the judicial examination system in China in 2002, our country has gradually reformed with the development of the society and the prominent problems in the implementation of the judicial examination system.The system has been perfected.The establishment and implementation of the judicial examination system has important milestone significance. From the legal profession, especially the judge, the procurator selection standardization aspect, the national judicial examination system helps to standardize, institutionalizes the judicial personnel selection;It will help to improve the legal quality of the legal profession and talented persons, especially those judges and prosecutors who have not been selected and appointed in a standardized manner before, through the judicial examination.It is helpful to improve the quality of the whole legal profession team, especially the judicial team, to maintain the unification of the legal system step by step, to cultivate the consciousness of the legal profession community and to form the thinking mode of the legal profession community.The establishment of the legal concept of the legal professional community and the gradual establishment of the legal professional community in China are conducive to the further improvement of the overall status of the national legal education, especially the higher undergraduate law education.Thus, the important role of legal education in the cultivation of social talents, especially legal talents, is highlighted, which is conducive to the promotion of the implementation of the law in the whole country, to ensure the efficiency and justice of the judiciary, and thus to safeguard the fairness and justice of the society.However, the judicial examination system is still facing three main difficulties: disconnection with legal education, disconnection with legal profession, and causing or aggravating the imbalance or fault of judicial team.By learning from the advanced experience of the judicial examination system in the developed countries with the rule of law in foreign countries, this paper discusses the establishment of the examination qualification of the judicial examination system.The adjustment of examination content and form, and the establishment of judicial study system, etc., have put forward some perfect suggestions and reform measures of our country's judicial examination system.It is pointed out that the judicial examination system in our country should be restricted to the graduates of institutions of higher learning who have received professional law education, and the non-law students should be excluded from the judicial examination.At the same time, our country must continue to adhere to and properly relax the qualifications of judicial examination in underdeveloped areas such as the western region and the basic judicial organs, and we should increasingly open up the restrictions on foreign citizens of the judicial examination.In the form of judicial examination, the new judicial examination oral examination or interview, we can change the current annual judicial examination into a phased judicial examination mode.In the content of the judicial examination, we should pay more attention to the examination of the examinee's legal quality other than the basic knowledge of the law, and should pay more attention to the examination of the examinee's legal professional ethics.And set up the corresponding judicial research system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D926

【参考文献】